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As Large Language Model (LLM) agents become more capable, their coordinated use in the form of multi-agent systems is anticipated to emerge as a practical paradigm. Prior work has examined the safety and misuse risks associated with agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Akshat Naik , Jay Culligan , Yarin Gal , Philip Torr , Rahaf Aljundi , Alasdair Paren , Adel Bibi

Therapy recommendation for chronic patients with multimorbidity is challenging due to risks of treatment conflicts. Existing decision support systems face scalability limitations. Inspired by the way in which general practitioners (GP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yicong Wu , Ting Chen , Irit Hochberg , Zhoujian Sun , Ruth Edry , Zhengxing Huang , Mor Peleg

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-world applications such as "digital assistants, autonomous customer service, and decision-support systems", where their ability to "interact in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Xueyang Zhou , Weidong Wang , Lin Lu , Jiawen Shi , Guiyao Tie , Yongtian Xu , Lixing Chen , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

We stress-tested 16 leading models from multiple developers in hypothetical corporate environments to identify potentially risky agentic behaviors before they cause real harm. In the scenarios, we allowed models to autonomously send emails…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Aengus Lynch , Benjamin Wright , Caleb Larson , Stuart J. Ritchie , Soren Mindermann , Evan Hubinger , Ethan Perez , Kevin Troy

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are an emerging computing paradigm that blends generative machine learning with tools such as code interpreters, web browsing, email, and more generally, external resources. These agent-based systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Xiaohan Fu , Shuheng Li , Zihan Wang , Yihao Liu , Rajesh K. Gupta , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

Multi-agent large language models (MA-LLMs) are a rapidly growing research area that leverages multiple interacting language agents to tackle complex tasks, outperforming single-agent large language models. This literature review…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Arne Tillmann

With the rise of personalized, persistent LLM agent frameworks such as OpenClaw, human-centered agentic social networks in which teams of collaborative AI agents serve individual users in a social network across multiple domains are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Prince Zizhuang Wang , Shuli Jiang

Privacy-aware multiagent systems must protect agents' sensitive data while simultaneously ensuring that agents accomplish their shared objectives. Towards this goal, we propose a framework to privatize inter-agent communications in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Bo Chen , Calvin Hawkins , Mustafa O. Karabag , Cyrus Neary , Matthew Hale , Ufuk Topcu

Inspired by the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM agents have evolved to perform complex tasks. LLM agents are now extensively applied across various domains, handling vast amounts of data to interact with humans and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Feng He , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Bo Liu , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems where agents communicate in natural language to solve tasks jointly. A key capability in such systems is consensus formation, where agents iteratively exchange…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaolin Sun , Zixuan Liu , Yibin Hu , Zizhan Zheng

Evaluating the security of multi-agent systems (MASs) powered by large language models (LLMs) is challenging, primarily because of the systems' complex internal dynamics and the evolving nature of LLM vulnerabilities. Traditional attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Parth Atulbhai Gandhi , Akansha Shukla , David Tayouri , Beni Ifland , Yuval Elovici , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly collaborate over peer-to-peer networks to improve their reliability. However, these same interactions can also become a source of vulnerability, as unreliable or Byzantine agents may sway…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haejoon Lee , Vincent-Daniel Yun , Hyeonho Oh , Dimitra Panagou , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated impressive capabilities in handling complex tasks. However, the complexity of agentic behaviors makes these systems difficult to understand. When failures occur,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Rui Sheng , Yukun Yang , Chuhan Shi , Yanna Lin , Zixin Chen , Huamin Qu , Furui Cheng

Multi-agent architectures built on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the potential to realize swarm intelligence through well-crafted collaboration. However, the substantial burden of manual orchestration inherently raises an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Rui Li , Zeyu Zhang , Xiaohe Bo , Quanyu Dai , Chaozhuo Li , Feng Wen , Xu Chen

Multi-agent systems (MAS) have recently emerged as promising socio-collaborative companions for emotional and cognitive support. However, these systems frequently suffer from persona collapse--where agents revert to generic, homogenized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yiyang Wang , Yiqiao Jin , Alex Cabral , Josiah Hester

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), which excel at collaborative decision-making and complex problem-solving. However, malicious agents in MAS may inject misinformation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yaoyang Luo , Zhi Zheng , Ziwei Zhao , Tong Xu , Zhao Jielun , Wenjun Xue , Yong Chen , Enhong Chen

Tool-Based Agent Systems (TBAS) allow Language Models (LMs) to use external tools for tasks beyond their standalone capabilities, such as searching websites, booking flights, or making financial transactions. However, these tools greatly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Peter Yong Zhong , Siyuan Chen , Ruiqi Wang , McKenna McCall , Ben L. Titzer , Heather Miller , Phillip B. Gibbons

Agentic AI systems powered by large language models (LLMs) and endowed with planning, tool use, memory, and autonomy, are emerging as powerful, flexible platforms for automation. Their ability to autonomously execute tasks across web,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Anshuman Chhabra , Shrestha Datta , Shahriar Kabir Nahin , Prasant Mohapatra

Large Language Models (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) have emerged as a new paradigm in software system design, increasingly demonstrating strong reasoning and collaboration capabilities. As these systems become more complex and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lingzhe Zhang , Tong Jia , Mingyu Wang , Weijie Hong , Chiming Duan , Minghua He , Rongqian Wang , Xi Peng , Meiling Wang , Gong Zhang , Renhai Chen , Ying Li

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) discovers policies that maximize reward but do not have safety guarantees during the learning and deployment phases. Although shielding with Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a promising formal method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Wenli Xiao , Yiwei Lyu , John Dolan
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