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Hate speech detection has become a hot topic in recent years due to the exponential growth of offensive language in social media. It has proven that, state-of-the-art hate speech classifiers are efficient only when tested on the data with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Hadi Mansourifar , Dana Alsagheer , Weidong Shi , Lan Ni , Yan Huang

We present methods for causally interpretable meta-analyses that combine information from multiple randomized trials to estimate potential (counterfactual) outcome means and average treatment effects in a target population. We consider…

Most research on hate speech detection has focused on English where a sizeable amount of labeled training data is available. However, to expand hate speech detection into more languages, approaches that require minimal training data are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Janis Goldzycher , Moritz Preisig , Chantal Amrhein , Gerold Schneider

There have been remarkable breakthroughs in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, notably in the areas of Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning. Additionally, hate speech detection in dialogues has been gaining popularity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Durgesh Nandini , Ute Schmid

Approaches for mitigating bias in supervised models are designed to reduce models' dependence on specific sensitive features of the input data, e.g., mentioned social groups. However, in the case of hate speech detection, it is not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Ali Omrani , Brendan Kennedy , Mohammad Atari , Xiang Ren , Morteza Dehghani

With growing role of social media in shaping public opinions and beliefs across the world, there has been an increased attention to identify and counter the problem of hate speech on social media. Hate speech on online spaces has serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Hugo Larochelle , Deb Roy

Hate Speech takes many forms to target communities with derogatory comments, and takes humanity a step back in societal progress. HateXplain is a recently published and first dataset to use annotated spans in the form of rationales, along…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Arvind Subramaniam , Aryan Mehra , Sayani Kundu

Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Camilla Casula , Sara Tonelli

The proliferation of hate speech has inflicted significant societal harm, with its intensity and directionality closely tied to specific targets and arguments. In recent years, numerous machine learning-based methods have been developed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zewen Bai , Liang Yang , Shengdi Yin , Yuanyuan Sun , Hongfei Lin

Hate speech is increasingly prevalent online, and its negative outcomes include increased prejudice, extremism, and even offline hate crime. Automatic detection of online hate speech can help us to better understand these impacts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 John D Gallacher

The proliferation of hate speech on social media necessitates automated detection systems that balance accuracy with computational efficiency. This study evaluates 38 model configurations in detecting hate speech across datasets ranging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Mahmoud Abusaqer , Jamil Saquer , Hazim Shatnawi

Human annotated data is the cornerstone of today's artificial intelligence efforts, yet data labeling processes can be complicated and expensive, especially when human labelers disagree with each other. The current work practice is to use…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Yisi Sang , Jeffrey Stanton

The paper proposes some robust estimators of the finite population mean. Such estimators are particularly suitable in the presence of some outlying observations. Included as special cases of our general result are robust versions of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Malay Ghosh

As pointed out by several scholars, current research on hate speech (HS) recognition is characterized by unsystematic data creation strategies and diverging annotation schemata. Subsequently, supervised-learning models tend to generalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yiping Jin , Leo Wanner , Vishakha Laxman Kadam , Alexander Shvets

Inferring evaluation scores based on human judgments is invaluable compared to using current evaluation metrics which are not suitable for real-time applications e.g. post-editing. However, these judgments are much more expensive to collect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-07-09 Ibrahim Sabek , Noha A. Yousri , Nagwa Elmakky , Mona Habib

Surveys are commonly used to facilitate research in epidemiology, health, and the social and behavioral sciences. Often, these surveys are not simple random samples, and respondents are given weights reflecting their probability of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-20 Adway S. Wadekar , Jerome P. Reiter

The proliferation of hate speech on social media platforms has necessitated the development of effective detection and moderation tools. This study evaluates the efficacy of various machine learning models in identifying hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Saurabh Mishra , Shivani Thakur , Radhika Mamidi

With a growing interest in using non-representative samples to train prediction models for numerous outcomes it is necessary to account for the sampling design that gives rise to the data in order to assess the generalized predictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-17 Andrew Holbrook , Thomas Lumley , Daniel Gillen

Random sampling is an essential tool in the processing and transmission of data. It is used to summarize data too large to store or manipulate and meet resource constraints on bandwidth or battery power. Estimators that are applied to the…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Edith Cohen , Haim Kaplan

An additive model-assisted nonparametric method is investigated to estimate the finite population totals of massive survey data with the aid of auxiliary information. A class of estimators is proposed to improve the precision of the well…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-19 Li Wang , Suojin Wang