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The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various aspects of human life, yet their immense computational and energy demands pose significant challenges for efficient inference. The memory wall, the growing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Hongyi Li , Songchen Ma , Huanyu Qu , Weihao Zhang , Jia Chen , Junfeng Lin , Fengbin Tu , Rong Zhao

To take full advantage of a specific hardware target, performance engineers need to gain control on compilers in order to leverage their domain knowledge about the program and hardware. Yet, modern compilers are poorly controlled, usually…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Martin Paul Lücke , Oleksandr Zinenko , William S. Moses , Michel Steuwer , Albert Cohen

The emergence of machine learning, image and audio processing on edge devices has motivated research towards power efficient custom hardware accelerators. Though FPGAs are an ideal target for energy efficient custom accelerators, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Kingshuk Majumder , Uday Bondhugula

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in proving formal theorems using proof assistants such as Lean. However, existing methods are difficult to reproduce or build on, due to private code, data, and large compute requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Kaiyu Yang , Aidan M. Swope , Alex Gu , Rahul Chalamala , Peiyang Song , Shixing Yu , Saad Godil , Ryan Prenger , Anima Anandkumar

Computing-in-Memory (CIM) architectures have emerged as a promising solution for accelerating Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) by mitigating data movement bottlenecks. However, realizing the potential of CIM requires specialized dataflow…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Xiaolin He , Cenlin Duan , Yingjie Qi , Xiao Ma , Jianlei Yang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs, characterized by their sparse activation patterns, offer a promising approach to scaling language models while avoiding proportionally increasing the inference cost. However, their large parameter sizes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yichao Yuan , Lin Ma , Nishil Talati

The rapidly developing deep learning (DL) techniques have been applied in software systems with various application scenarios. However, they could also pose new safety threats with potentially serious consequences, especially in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Pin Ji , Yang Feng , Duo Wu , Lingyue Yan , Pengling Chen , Jia Liu , Zhihong Zhao

Emerging Large Language Model (LLM) system patterns, such as disaggregated inference, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) routing, and asynchronous reinforcement fine-tuning, require flexible point-to-point communication beyond simple collectives.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nandor Licker , Kevin Hu , Vladimir Zaytsev , Lequn Chen

Current trends in Machine Learning~(ML) inference on hardware accelerated devices (e.g., GPUs, TPUs) point to alarmingly low utilization. As ML inference is increasingly time-bounded by tight latency SLOs, increasing data parallelism is not…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Paras Jain , Xiangxi Mo , Ajay Jain , Alexey Tumanov , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is a memory technology that allows remote devices to directly write to and read from each other's memory, bypassing components such as the CPU and operating system. This enables low-latency high-throughput…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a variety of software engineering and coding tasks. However, their application in the domain of code and compiler optimization remains underexplored. Training…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Chris Cummins , Volker Seeker , Dejan Grubisic , Baptiste Roziere , Jonas Gehring , Gabriel Synnaeve , Hugh Leather

In this paper, we introduce MIO, a novel foundation model built on multimodal tokens, capable of understanding and generating speech, text, images, and videos in an end-to-end, autoregressive manner. While the emergence of large language…

The rapidly growing demand for high-quality data in Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified the need for scalable, reliable, and semantically rich data preparation pipelines. However, current practices remain dominated by ad-hoc…

MOOSEnger is a tool-enabled AI agent tailored to the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE). MOOSE cases are specified in HIT ".i" input files; the large object catalog and strict syntax make initial setup and debugging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Mengnan Li , Jason Miller , Zachary Prince , Alexander Lindsay , Cody Permann

The development of sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks imposes unprecedented latency and reliability demands on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, a key enabler of high-speed radio access. Recently, deep…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tingyu Ding , Qunsong Zeng , Kaibin Huang

This report presents the Prime Collective Communications Library (PCCL), a novel fault-tolerant collective communication library designed for distributed ML workloads over the public internet. PCCL introduces a new programming model that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Michael Keiblinger , Mario Sieg , Jack Min Ong , Sami Jaghouar , Johannes Hagemann

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize how we design and implement compilers and code translation tools. However, existing LLMs struggle to handle long and complex programs. We introduce LEGO-Compiler, a novel…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Shuoming Zhang , Jiacheng Zhao , Chunwei Xia , Zheng Wang , Yunji Chen , Xiaobing Feng , Huimin Cui

We present Dojo, a differentiable physics engine for robotics that prioritizes stable simulation, accurate contact physics, and differentiability with respect to states, actions, and system parameters. Dojo models hard contact and friction…

Domain-specific optimizing compilers have demonstrated significant performance and portability benefits, but require programs to be represented in their specialized IRs. Existing frontends to these compilers suffer from the "language subset…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Alex Suhan , Davide Libenzi , Ailing Zhang , Parker Schuh , Brennan Saeta , Jie Young Sohn , Denys Shabalin

TensorFlow is a machine learning system that operates at large scale and in heterogeneous environments. TensorFlow uses dataflow graphs to represent computation, shared state, and the operations that mutate that state. It maps the nodes of…