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We argue that the entropy of a black hole is due to the entanglement of matter fields and gravitons across the horizon. While the entanglement entropy of the vacuum is divergent because of UV correlations, we show that low-energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-01-08 Eugenio Bianchi

We conjecture a universal upper bound to the entropy of a rotating system. The entropy bound follows from application of the generalized second law of thermodynamics to an idealized gedanken experiment in which an entropy-bearing rotating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Shahar Hod

We investigate black hole area quantization by imposing Landauer's principle on the discrete entropy change between consecutive area levels. The elementary transition is identified with the entropy cost of erasing one bit of information,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-27 Jorge Ananias Neto , Ronaldo Thibes

The concept of black hole entropy is one of the most important enigmas of theoretical physics. It relates thermodynamics to gravity and allows substantial hints toward a quantum theory of gravitation. Although Bekenstein conjecture…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Aurelien Barrau , Julien Grain , Carole Weydert

An insightful argument for a linear relation between the entropy and the area of a black hole was given by Bekenstein using only the energy-momentum dispersion relation, the uncertainty principle, and some properties of classical black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Giovanni Amelino-Camelia , Michele Arzano , Andrea Procaccini

We investigate the variation of the charged anti-de Sitter black hole under charged particle absorption by considering thermodynamic volume. The variation exactly corresponds to that expected as the first law of thermodynamics.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-27 Bogeun Gwak

The first part of this work provides a review of recent research on generalised entropies and their origin, as well as its application to black hole thermodynamics. To start, it is shown that the Hawking temperature and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-11 Emilio Elizalde , Shin'ichi Nojiri , Sergei D. Odintsov

I argue that black hole entropy counts only those states of a black hole that can influence the outside, and attempt (with only partial success) to defend this claim against various objections, all but one coming from string theory.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Ted Jacobson

The R\'enyi and Tsallis entropies are discussed as possible alternatives to the Bekenstein-Hawking area-law entropy. It is pointed out how replacing the entropy notion, but not the Hawking temperature and the thermodynamical energy may…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-13 Shin'ichi Nojiri , Sergei D. Odintsov , Valerio Faraoni

Recently we showed that in semiclassical 2D dilaton gravity the regularity of a black hole horizon may be compatible with divergencies of Polyakov-Liouville stresses on it, the temperature deviating from its Hawking value. This makes the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 O. B. Zaslavskii

We trace the origin of the black hole entropy S replacing a black hole by a quasiblack hole. Let the boundary of a static body approach its own gravitational radius, in such a way that a quasihorizon forms. We show that if the body is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 José P. S. Lemos , Oleg B. Zaslavskii

Jacob Bekenstein's identification of black hole event horizon area with entropy proved to be a landmark in theoretical physics. In this paper we trace the subsequent development of the resulting generalized second law of thermodynamics…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 P. C. W. Davies , Tamara M. Davis

The gravity/gauge theory duality has provided us a way of studying QCD at short distances from straightforward calculations in classical general relativity. Among numerous results obtained so far, one of the most striking is the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-16 Ishwaree P Neupane

We obtain the electrostatic energy of two opposite charges near the horizon of stationary black-holes in the massive Schwinger model. Besides the confining aspects of the model, we discuss the Bekenstein entropy upper bound of a charged…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 H. Mohseni Sadjadi , M. Alimohammadi

It is well-known that in order to make the action well defined, one may employ different kinds of boundary conditions (BCs) accompanied by the appropriate Gibbons-Hawking-York (GHY) terms. In this paper we investigate the role of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-01 H. Khodabakhshi , A. Shirzad , F. Shojai , Robert B. Mann

In this paper, we study the relativistic correction to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in the canonical ensemble and isothermal-isobaric ensemble and apply it to the cases of non-rotating BTZ and AdS-Schwarzschild black holes. This is realized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-29 Naman Kumar

The generalized covariant entropy bound is the conjecture that the entropy of the matter present on any non-expanding null hypersurface L will not exceed the difference between the areas, in Planck units, of the initial and final spatial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Raphael Bousso , Eanna E. Flanagan , Donald Marolf

Recently, exotic black holes whose masses and angular momenta are interchanged have been found, and it is known that their entropies depend only on the $inner$ horizon areas. But a basic problem of these entropies is that the second law of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Mu-In Park

We give several pieces of evidence to show that extremal black holes cannot be obtained as limits of non-extremal black holes. We review arguments in the literature showing that the entropy of extremal black holes is zero, while that of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Saurya Das , Arundhati Dasgupta , P. Ramadevi

It has been conjectured that black hole interacting with its surroundings will obey the Generalized Second Law ($GSL$) of thermodynamics. Conservation of $GSL$ is due to the fully thermal nature of Hawking radiation and an upper bound on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-06-16 P. I. Kuriakose , V. C. Kuriakose