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Related papers: ROSE: Randomized Optimal Selection Design for Dose…

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We propose new, optimal methods for analyzing randomized trials, when it is suspected that treatment effects may differ in two predefined subpopulations. Such sub-populations could be defined by a biomarker or risk factor measured at…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-26 Michael Rosenblum , Han Liu , and En-Hsu Yen

Model-assisted designs have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their high accuracy in identifying the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and their operational simplicity. To identify the MTD, they employ estimated dose limiting…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-19 Rentaro Wakayama , Tomotaka Momozaki , Shuji Ando

In this paper, we study the design and analysis of experiments conducted on a set of units over multiple time periods where the starting time of the treatment may vary by unit. The design problem involves selecting an initial treatment time…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-09-27 Ruoxuan Xiong , Susan Athey , Mohsen Bayati , Guido Imbens

Opportunistic detection rules (ODRs) are variants of fixed-sample-size detection rules in which the statistician is allowed to make an early decision on the alternative hypothesis opportunistically based on the sequentially observed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-15 Wenyi Zhang , George V. Moustakides , H. Vincent Poor

We automate soft robotic hand design iteration by co-optimizing design and control policy for dexterous manipulation skills in simulation. Our design iteration pipeline combines genetic algorithms and policy transfer to learn control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Pragna Mannam , Xingyu Liu , Ding Zhao , Jean Oh , Nancy Pollard

In clinical trials, response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has the appealing ability to assign more subjects to better-performing treatments based on interim results. The traditional RAR strategy alters the randomization ratio on a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-01 David Merrell , Thevaa Chandereng , Yeonhee Park

The majority of response-adaptive randomisation (RAR) designs in the literature rely on efficacy data to guide dynamic patient allocation. However, their applicability becomes limited in settings where efficacy outcomes, such as survival,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Maria Vittoria Chiaruttini , Lukas Pin , Sofia S. Villar

In industrial scenarios, data augmentation is an effective approach to improve model performance. However, its benefits are not unidirectionally beneficial. There is no theoretical research or established estimation for the optimal sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mingchun Sun , Rongqiang Zhao , Zhennan Huang , Songyu Ding , Jie Liu

This paper studies the evaluation of methods for targeting the allocation of limited resources to a high-risk subpopulation. We consider a randomized controlled trial to measure the difference in efficiency between two targeting methods and…

Applications · Statistics 2018-04-04 Eric Potash

Agent-based simulation with a synthetic population can help us compare different treatment conditions while keeping everything else constant within the same population (i.e., as digital twins). Such population-scale simulations require…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-26 Abdulrahman A. Ahmed , M. Amin Rahimian , Mark S. Roberts

Recent studies have adopted an approach of selecting accurate and diverse trees based on individual or collective performance within an ensemble for classification and regression problems. This work follows in the wake of these…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-20 Naz Gul , Nosheen Faiz , Dan Brawn , Rafal Kulakowski , Zardad Khan , Berthold Lausen

Motivated by applications in digital health, this work studies the novel problem of online uniform sampling (OUS), where the goal is to distribute a sampling budget uniformly across unknown decision times. In the OUS problem, the algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xueqing Liu , Kyra Gan , Esmaeil Keyvanshokooh , Susan Murphy

Phase I clinical trials are designed to test the safety (non-toxicity) of drugs and find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). This task becomes significantly more challenging when multiple-drug dose-combinations (DC) are involved, due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Hyun-Suk Lee , Cong Shen , William Zame , Jang-Won Lee , Mihaela van der Schaar

While traditional distributionally robust optimization (DRO) aims to minimize the maximal risk over a set of distributions, Agarwal and Zhang (2022) recently proposed a variant that replaces risk with excess risk. Compared to DRO, the new…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Lijun Zhang , Haomin Bai , Wei-Wei Tu , Ping Yang , Yao Hu

Multi-arm multi-stage trial designs can bring notable gains in efficiency to the drug development process. However, for normally distributed endpoints, the determination of a design typically depends on the assumption that the patient…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-11 Michael Grayling , James Wason , Adrian Mander

Personalized optimal decision making, finding the optimal decision rule (ODR) based on individual characteristics, has attracted increasing attention recently in many fields, such as education, economics, and medicine. Current ODR methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-22 Hengrui Cai , Rui Song , Wenbin Lu

Specifying a proper input distribution is often a challenging task in simulation modeling. In practice, there may be multiple plausible distributions that can fit the input data reasonably well, especially when the data volume is not large.…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-15 Weiwei Fan , L. Jeff Hong , Xiaowei Zhang

One of the challenges in the design of confirmatory trials is to deal with uncertainties regarding the optimal target population for a novel drug. Adaptive enrichment designs (AED) which allow for a data-driven selection of one or more…

Applications · Statistics 2020-09-15 Anh Nguyen Duc , Dominik Heinzmann , Claude Berge , Marcel Wolbers

The keyboard design is a novel phase I dose-finding method that is simple and has good operating characteristics. This paper studies theoretical properties of the keyboard design, including the optimality of its decision rules, coherence in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-20 Haitao Pan , Ruitao Lin , Ying Yuan

The ability to design effective experiments is crucial for obtaining data that can substantially reduce the uncertainty in the predictions made using computational models. An optimal experimental design (OED) refers to the choice of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 Troy Butler , John Jakeman , Michael Pilosov , Scott Walsh , Timothy Wildey