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Automated machine learning (AutoML) aims to select and configure machine learning algorithms and combine them into machine learning pipelines tailored to a dataset at hand. For supervised learning tasks, most notably binary and multinomial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Marcel Wever

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) refers to the task of tagging instances with small subsets of relevant labels coming from an extremely large set of all possible labels. Recently, XMLC has been widely applied to diverse web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Marek Wydmuch , Kalina Jasinska-Kobus , Rohit Babbar , Krzysztof Dembczyński

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is the task of assigning multiple labels to a given text, and has a wide range of application domains. Most existing approaches require an enormous amount of annotated data to learn a classifier and/or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Muberra Ozmen , Joseph Cotnareanu , Mark Coates

The increasing volume of healthcare textual data requires computationally efficient, yet highly accurate classification approaches able to handle the nuanced and complex nature of medical terminology. This research presents Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam

In this paper, a high-speed online neural network classifier based on extreme learning machines for multi-label classification is proposed. In multi-label classification, each of the input data sample belongs to one or more than one of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-06 Rajasekar Venkatesan , Meng Joo Er , Mihika Dave , Mahardhika Pratama , Shiqian Wu

The number of categories of instances in the real world is normally huge, and each instance may contain multiple labels. To distinguish these massive labels utilizing machine learning, eXtreme Label Classification (XLC) has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Daojun Liang , Haixia Zhang , Dongfeng Yuan , Minggao Zhang

Gene annotation addresses the problem of predicting unknown associations between gene and functions (e.g., biological processes) of a specific organism. Despite recent advances, the cost and time demanded by annotation procedures that rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Miguel Romero , Oscar Ramírez , Jorge Finke , Camilo Rocha

Mining data streams with multi-label outputs poses significant challenges due to evolving distributions, high-dimensional label spaces, sparse label occurrences, and complex label dependencies. Moreover, concept drift affects not only input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Lara Neves , Afonso Lourenço , Alberto Cano , Goreti Marreiros

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) aims to assign texts to structured label hierarchies; however, it faces challenges due to data scarcity and model complexity. This study explores the feasibility of using black box Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Kosuke Yoshimura , Hisashi Kashima

Extreme multi-label learning (XML) or classification has been a practical and important problem since the boom of big data. The main challenge lies in the exponential label space which involves $2^L$ possible label sets especially when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Wenjie Zhang , Junchi Yan , Xiangfeng Wang , Hongyuan Zha

Extreme classification tasks are multi-label tasks with an extremely large number of labels (tags). These tasks are hard because the label space is usually (i) very large, e.g. thousands or millions of labels, (ii) very sparse, i.e. very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Elham J. Barezi , Iacer Calixto , Kyunghyun Cho , Pascale Fung

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is a natural language processing task which has the objective of categorising text documents into a set of classes from a predefined structured class hierarchy. Recent HTC approaches use various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Jaco du Toit , Marcel Dunaiski

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) aims at tagging a document with most relevant labels from an extremely large-scale label set. It is a challenging problem especially for the tail labels because there are only few training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Xin Huang , Boli Chen , Lin Xiao , Liping Jing

Label hierarchies widely exist in many vision-related problems, ranging from explicit label hierarchies existed in image classification to latent label hierarchies existed in semantic segmentation. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Hao-Yun Chen , Li-Huang Tsai , Shih-Chieh Chang , Jia-Yu Pan , Yu-Ting Chen , Wei Wei , Da-Cheng Juan

Single Positive Multi-Label Learning (SPMLL) addresses the challenging scenario where each training sample is annotated with only one positive label despite potentially belonging to multiple categories, making it difficult to capture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yiming Lin , Shang Wang , Junkai Zhou , Qiufeng Wang , Xiao-Bo Jin , Kaizhu Huang

As far as Scene Graph Generation (SGG), coarse and fine predicates mix in the dataset due to the crowd-sourced labeling, and the long-tail problem is also pronounced. Given this tricky situation, many existing SGG methods treat the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Youming Deng , Yansheng Li , Yongjun Zhang , Xiang Xiang , Jian Wang , Jingdong Chen , Jiayi Ma

Machine learning has played an important role in information retrieval (IR) in recent times. In search engines, for example, query keywords are accepted and documents are returned in order of relevance to the given query; this can be cast…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-13 Tatsuhiro Aoshima , Kei Kobayashi , Mihoko Minami

Label Distribution Learning (LDL) is a novel machine learning paradigm that assigns label distribution to each instance. Many LDL methods proposed to leverage label correlation in the learning process to solve the exponential-sized output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Zhiqiang Kou jing wang yuheng jia xin geng

This paper addresses the critical challenge of deriving interpretable confidence scores from generative language models (LLMs) when applied to multi-label content safety classification. While models like LLaMA Guard are effective for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Anjaneya Praharaj , Jaykumar Kasundra

Recent advances in Hierarchical Multi-label Classification (HMC), particularly neurosymbolic-based approaches, have demonstrated improved consistency and accuracy by enforcing constraints on a neural model during training. However, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Joshua Shay Kricheli , Khoa Vo , Aniruddha Datta , Spencer Ozgur , Paulo Shakarian