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Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have gained popularity for their strong open vocabulary classification performance, but they are prone to assigning high confidence scores to misclassifications, limiting their reliability in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhenxiang Lin , Maryam Haghighat , Will Browne , Dimity Miller

Video Moment Retrieval (VMR) aims to localize a specific temporal segment within an untrimmed long video given a natural language query. Existing methods often suffer from inadequate training annotations, i.e., the sentence typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Weitong Cai , Jiabo Huang , Shaogang Gong , Hailin Jin , Yang Liu

We propose a method to fuse frozen text-only large language models (LLMs) with pre-trained image encoder and decoder models, by mapping between their embedding spaces. Our model demonstrates a wide suite of multimodal capabilities: image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Jing Yu Koh , Daniel Fried , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Multimodal contrastive learning (MCL) aims to embed data from different modalities in a shared embedding space. However, empirical evidence shows that representations from different modalities occupy completely separate regions of embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Lingjie Yi , Raphael Douady , Chao Chen

Aligning signals from different modalities is an important step in vision-language representation learning as it affects the performance of later stages such as cross-modality fusion. Since image and text typically reside in different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Jiali Duan , Liqun Chen , Son Tran , Jinyu Yang , Yi Xu , Belinda Zeng , Trishul Chilimbi

Multimodal learning has recently gained significant popularity, demonstrating impressive performance across various zero-shot classification tasks and a range of perceptive and generative applications. Models such as Contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Can Yaras , Siyi Chen , Peng Wang , Qing Qu

The creation of high-quality human-labeled image-caption datasets presents a significant bottleneck in the development of Visual-Language Models (VLMs). In this work, we investigate an approach that leverages the strengths of Large Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Sahand Sharifzadeh , Christos Kaplanis , Shreya Pathak , Dharshan Kumaran , Anastasija Ilic , Jovana Mitrovic , Charles Blundell , Andrea Banino

Large Language Models (LLMs), benefiting from the auto-regressive modelling approach performed on massive unannotated texts corpora, demonstrates powerful perceptual and reasoning capabilities. However, as for extending auto-regressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Tianshuo Peng , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Hai Zhao , Ping Wang , Bo Du

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP are trained via contrastive learning between text and image pairs, resulting in aligned image and text embeddings that are useful for many downstream tasks. A notable drawback of CLIP, however, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dylan Sam , Devin Willmott , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

In recent years, vision and language pre-training (VLP) models have advanced the state-of-the-art results in a variety of cross-modal downstream tasks. Aligning cross-modal semantics is claimed to be one of the essential capabilities of VLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Zheng Ma , Shi Zong , Mianzhi Pan , Jianbing Zhang , Shujian Huang , Xinyu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Different machine learning models can represent the same underlying concept in different ways. This variability is particularly valuable for in-the-wild multimodal retrieval, where the objective is to identify the corresponding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Fan Xu , Luis A. Leiva

Recent generalist vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities across diverse multimodal tasks. However, these models still struggle with fine-grained object-level understanding and grounding. In terms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Timothy Ossowski , Junjie Hu

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, establish the correlation between texts and images, achieving remarkable success on various downstream tasks with fine-tuning. In existing fine-tuning methods, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Yi Zhang , Ce Zhang , Yushun Tang , Zhihai He

We present our work in progress exploring the possibilities of a shared embedding space between textual and visual modality. Leveraging the textual nature of object detection labels and the hypothetical expressiveness of extracted visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Dušan Variš , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Utilizing a shared embedding space, emerging multimodal models exhibit unprecedented zero-shot capabilities. However, the shared embedding space could lead to new vulnerabilities if different modalities can be misaligned. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shaeke Salman , Md Montasir Bin Shams , Xiuwen Liu

Evaluating whether vision-language models (VLMs) reason consistently across representations is challenging because modality comparisons are typically confounded by task differences and asymmetric information. We introduce SEAM, a benchmark…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhenwei Tang , Difan Jiao , Blair Yang , Ashton Anderson

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that large-scale pretraining enables systems to adapt rapidly to new problems with little supervision in the language domain. This success, however, has not translated as effectively to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pablo Acuaviva , Aram Davtyan , Mariam Hassan , Sebastian Stapf , Ahmad Rahimi , Alexandre Alahi , Paolo Favaro

Vision-language model (VLM) encoders such as CLIP enable strong retrieval and zero-shot classification in a shared image-text embedding space, yet the semantic organization of this space is rarely inspected. We present a post-hoc framework…

Visual-Language Models (VLMs) have become a powerful tool for bridging the gap between visual and linguistic understanding. However, the conventional learning approaches for VLMs often suffer from limitations, such as the high resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Dasol Choi , Guijin Son , Soo Yong Kim , Gio Paik , Seunghyeok Hong
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