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The Mpemba effect is a counterintuitive physical phenomenon where a hot system cools faster than a warm one. In recent years, theoretical analyses of the Mpemba effect have been developed for microscopic systems and experimentally verified.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-12 Tan Van Vu , Hisao Hayakawa

The quantum Mpemba effect is a phenomenon characterized by an exponential relaxation from a non-equililbrium state to a steady state. This effect was predicted with an analysis of the Liouvillian superoperator and experimentally…

The quantum Mpemba effect refers to the phenomenon of a quantum system in an initial state, far away from equilibrium, relaxing much faster than a state comparatively nearer to equilibrium. We experimentally demonstrate that this highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Arijit Chatterjee , Sakil Khan , Sachin Jain , T S Mahesh

We study the nature of thermalization dynamics and the associated preparation (simulation) time under the repeated interaction protocol uncovering a generic anomalous, Mpemba-like trend. As a case study, we focus on a three-level system and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Carlos Ramon-Escandell , Alessandro Prositto , Dvira Segal

Quantum thermometry provides a key capability for nanoscale devices and quantum technologies, but most existing strategies rely on probes initialized near equilibrium. This equilibrium paradigm imposes intrinsic limitations: sensitivity is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Pritam Chattopadhyay , Jonas F. G. Santos , Avijit Misra

Collision models provide a simple and versatile setting to capture the dynamics of open quantum systems. The standard approach to thermalisition in this setting involves an environment of independent and identically-prepared thermal qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Ronan McElvogue , Andrew K. Mitchell , Gabriel T. Landi , Steve Campbell

Proving thermalization from the unitary evolution of a closed quantum system is one of the oldest questions that is still nowadays only partially resolved. Several efforts have led to various formulations of what is called the eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Christian Bertoni , Clara Wassner , Giacomo Guarnieri , Jens Eisert

We investigate a nonequilibrium quantum thermometry protocol in which an ensemble of qubits, acting as temperature probes, is weakly coupled to a macroscopic thermal bath. The temperature of the bath, the parameter of interest, is encoded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Enrico Trombetti , Marco Malitesta , Marco Pezzutto , Stefano Gherardini

The eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis resolves the paradox of emergent thermal or classical behaviour in a closed quantum system by focussing upon local observations. This permits the remainder of the system to act as a bath,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-09-11 Andrew Hallam , James Morley , Andrew G. Green

Anomalous thermalization, particularly the crossings of temperature trajectories from different initial states termed Mpemba crossings (MPCs), have intrigued scientists for decades. While recent studies in quantum systems suggest that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Xuanhua Wang , Jie Su , Jin Wang

The Mpemba effect has initially been noticed in macroscopic systems -- namely that hot water can freeze faster than cold water -- but recently its extension to open quantum systems has attracted significant attention. This phenomenon can be…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Juliane Graf , Janine Splettstoesser , Juliette Monsel

The study of the Unruh effect naturally raises the interest for a deeper understanding of the analogy between temperature and acceleration. A recurring question is whether an accelerated frame can be distinguished from an inertial thermal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-01 A. P. C. M. Lima , G. Alencar , R. R. Landim

Since it's rediscovery in the twentieth century, the Mpemba effect, where a far-from-equilibrium state may relax faster than a state closer to equilibrium, has been extensively studied in classical systems and has recently received…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 David J. Strachan , Archak Purkayastha , Stephen R. Clark

In recent years, the quantum Mpemba effect (QME), which occurs when an out-of-equilibrium system reaches equilibrium faster than another that is closer to equilibrium, has attracted significant attention from the scientific community as an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Rodrigo F. Saliba , Raphael C. Drumond

We investigate the thermalization dynamics of 1D systems with local constraints coupled to an infinite temperature bath at one boundary. The coupling to the bath eventually erases the effects of the constraints, causing the system to tend…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-24 Cheng Wang , Shankar Balasubramanian , Yiqiu Han , Ethan Lake , Xiao Chen , Zhi-Cheng Yang

The Mpemba effect, where a hotter system cools faster than a colder one under otherwise identical conditions, has been extensively studied in classical systems. In this work, we present the quantum analogue of the Mpemba effect using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 Xingli Li , Yan Li , Yangqian Yan

We study the dissipative dynamics of correlated fermions evolving in presence of a local dephasing bath. To this extent we consider the infinite coordination limit of the corresponding Lindblad master equation, provided by Dynamical…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-07-30 Antonio Picano , Matthieu Vanhoecke , Marco Schirò

Coupling a many-body-localized system to a dissipative bath necessarily leads to delocalization. Here, we investigate the nature of the ensuing relaxation dynamics and the information it holds on the many-body-localized state. We formulate…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-04-20 Mark H Fischer , Mykola Maksymenko , Ehud Altman

We consider a two-level quantum system prepared in an arbitrary initial state and relaxing to a steady state due to the action of a Markovian dissipative channel. We study how optimal control can be used for speeding up or slowing down the…

The counterintuitive Mpemba effect, wherein a hotter system cools faster, critically lacks a general macroscopic theory. Here, starting from linear irreversible thermodynamics, we formulate a generalized Newton's cooling law,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yun-Qian Lin , Z. C. Tu , Yu-Han Ma