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This paper presents a novel framework for full-waveform seismic source inversion using simulation-based inference (SBI). Traditional probabilistic approaches often rely on simplifying assumptions about data errors, which we show can lead to…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-05-15 A. A. Saoulis , D. Piras , A. Spurio Mancini , B. Joachimi , A. M. G. Ferreira

Extracting subsurface velocity information from seismic data is mainly an undetermined problem that requires injecting a priori information to constrain the inversion process. Machine learning has offered a platform to do so through the…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-10-03 Xiao Ma , Shaowen Wang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Edema is a potential indicator of underlying pathological changes. However, its low-contrast signature is often masked in conventional B-mode imaging by strong scatterers, making reliable detection challenging. Ultrasound (US) provides a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Ruizhi Zhang , Yhonatan Kvich , Rui Guo , Oded Cohen , Yonina C. Eldar

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is beginning to be used to characterize weak seismic events at different scales, an example of which is microseismic event (MSE) characterization. However, FWI with unknown sources is a severely underdetermined…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stéphane Operto , Alison Malcolm

We introduce the Seismic Waveforms dataset for Automatic Neural-network processing (SWAN), a comprehensive and standardized benchmark designed to advance data-driven seismic signal processing. SWAN aggregates diverse synthetic and real…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-17 Xinyue Gong , Sergey Fomel , Yangkang Chen

Full waveform inversion (FWI) plays an important role in velocity modeling due to its high-resolution advantages. However, its highly non-linear characteristic leads to numerous local minimums, which is known as the cycle-skipping problem.…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-03-05 Qingchen Zhang , Shijun Cheng , Wei Chen , Weijian Mao

Recent studies on inverse problems have proposed posterior samplers that leverage the pre-trained diffusion models as powerful priors. These attempts have paved the way for using diffusion models in a wide range of inverse problems.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Sojin Lee , Dogyun Park , Inho Kong , Hyunwoo J. Kim

We propose Diffusion Model Variational Inference (DMVI), a novel method for automated approximate inference in probabilistic programming languages (PPLs). DMVI utilizes diffusion models as variational approximations to the true posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Simon Dirmeier , Fernando Perez-Cruz

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an iterative identification process that serves to minimize the misfit of model-based simulated and experimentally measured wave field data, with the goal of identifying a field of parameters for a given…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tim Bürchner , Philipp Kopp , Stefan Kollmannsberger , Ernst Rank

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is today a standard process for the inverse problem of seismic imaging. PDE-constrained optimization is used to determine unknown parameters in a wave equation that represent geophysical properties. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Bjorn Engquist , Yunan Yang

Diffusion inversion is a task of recovering the noise of an image in a diffusion model, which is vital for controllable diffusion image editing. At present, diffusion inversion still remains a challenging task due to the lack of viable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Ziyue Zhang , Luxi Lin , Xiaolin Hu , Chao Chang , HuaiXi Wang , Yiyi Zhou , Rongrong Ji

Iterative inversion of seismic, ultrasonic, and other wave data by local gradient-based optimization of mean-square data prediction error (Full Waveform Inversion or FWI) can fail to converge to useful model estimates if started from an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-10 William W. Symes , Huiyi Chen , Susan E. Minkoff

Time-lapse full-waveform inversion (FWI) has become a powerful tool for characterizing and monitoring subsurface changes in various geophysical applications. However, non-repeatability (NR) issues caused, for instance, by GPS inaccuracies,…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-07-11 Sergio Luiz E. F. da Silva , Ammir Karsou , Roger M. Moreira , Marco Cetale

Many inverse problems are ill-posed and need to be complemented by prior information that restricts the class of admissible models. Bayesian approaches encode this information as prior distributions that impose generic properties on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Julian L. Möbius , Michael Habeck

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a standard algorithm in seismic imaging. Its implementation requires the a priori choice of a number of "design parameters", such as the positions of sensors for the actual measurements and one (or more)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Shaunagh Downing , Silvia Gazzola , Ivan G. Graham , Euan A. Spence

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is one of a family of methods that allows the reconstruction of earth subsurface parameters from measurements of waves at or near the surface. This is a numerical optimization problem that uses the whole…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Mauricio A. Londoño , Francisco J. Rodríguez-Cortés

Velocity-model building is a fundamental component of seismic imaging, yet it remains a challenging inverse problem due to limited data coverage, nonlinearity, and the need to integrate heterogeneous information such as well logs. We…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 Francesco Brandolin , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion (FWI) aims to reconstruct unknown physical coefficients in wave equations using the wavefield data generated from multiple incoming sources. In this work, we propose an offline-online computational strategy for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Wen Ding , Kui Ren , Lu Zhang

Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) has seen promising advancements through deep learning. Existing approaches typically focus on task-specific models trained and evaluated in isolation that lead to limited generalization across different…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Koustav Ghosal , Abhranta Panigrahi , Arnav Chavan , ArunSingh , Deepak Gupta

Seismic inversion is a core problem in geophysical exploration, where traditional methods suffer from high computational costs and are susceptible to initial model dependence. In recent years, deep generative model-based seismic inversion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Haofei Xu , Wei Cheng , Sizhe Li , Jie Xiong
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