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Estimating eye-gaze from images alone is a challenging task, in large parts due to un-observable person-specific factors. Achieving high accuracy typically requires labeled data from test users which may not be attainable in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Seonwook Park , Emre Aksan , Xucong Zhang , Otmar Hilliges

This article adds to the understanding of teachers' visual expertise by measuring visual information processing in real-world classrooms (mobile eye-tracking) with the newly introduced Gaze Relational Index (GRI) metric, which is defined as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Christian Kosel , Angelina Mooseder , Tina Seidel , Juergen Pfeffer

Understanding cross-subject and cross-device consistency in visual fixation prediction is essential for advancing eye-tracking applications, including visual attention modeling and neuroprosthetics. This study evaluates fixation consistency…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuli Wu , Henning Konermann , Emil Mededovic , Peter Walter , Johannes Stegmaier

Personality traits influence how individuals engage, behave, and make decisions during the information-seeking process. However, few studies have linked personality to observable search behaviors. This study aims to characterize personality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jiaman He , Marta Micheli , Damiano Spina , Dana McKay , Johanne R. Trippas , Noriko Kando

Eye-gaze tracking research offers significant promise in enhancing various healthcare-related tasks, above all in medical image analysis and interpretation. Eye tracking, a technology that monitors and records the movement of the eyes,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Sahar Moradizeyveh , Mehnaz Tabassum , Sidong Liu , Robert Ahadizad Newport , Amin Beheshti , Antonio Di Ieva

Technical progress in hardware and software enables us to record gaze data in everyday situations and over long time spans. Among a multitude of research opportunities, this technology enables visualization researchers to catch a glimpse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Maurice Koch , Kuno Kurzhals , Michael Burch , Daniel Weiskopf

The think aloud method is an important and commonly used tool for usability optimization. However, analyzing think aloud data could be time consuming. In this paper, we put forth an automatic analysis of verbal protocols and test the link…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Supriya Murali , Tina Walber , Christoph Schaefer , Sezen Lim

Dyslexia, affecting an estimated 10% to 20% of the global population, significantly impairs learning capabilities, highlighting the need for innovative and accessible diagnostic methods. This paper investigates the effectiveness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kevin Cogan , Vuong M. Ngo , Mark Roantree

There is growing interest in incorporating eye-tracking data and other implicit measures of human language processing into natural language processing (NLP) pipelines. The data from human language processing contain unique insight into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Karin de Langis , Dongyeop Kang

Accurate emotion recognition is pivotal for nuanced and engaging human-computer interactions, yet remains difficult to achieve, especially in dynamic, conversation-like settings. In this study, we showcase how integrating eye-tracking data,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Meisam Jamshidi Seikavandi , Jostein Fimland , Maria Barrett , Paolo Burelli

Human observers engage in selective information uptake when classifying visual patterns. The same is true of deep neural networks, which currently constitute the best performing artificial vision systems. Our goal is to examine the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Chetan Ralekar , Shubham Choudhary , Tapan Kumar Gandhi , Santanu Chaudhury

For machines to effectively assist humans in challenging visual search tasks, they must differentiate whether a human is simply glancing into a scene (navigational intent) or searching for a target object (informational intent). Previous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mansi Sharma , Shuang Chen , Philipp Müller , Maurice Rekrut , Antonio Krüger

One of the major challenges for evaluating the effectiveness of data visualizations and visual analytics tools arises from the fact that different users may be using these tools for different tasks. In this paper, we present a simple…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Laura Matzen , Kristin Divis , Deborah Cronin , Michael Haass

Event-based eye tracking holds significant promise for fine-grained cognitive state inference, offering high temporal resolution and robustness to motion artifacts, critical features for decoding subtle mental states such as attention,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Nuwan Bandara , Thivya Kandappu , Archan Misra

This paper proposes an approach to detect information relevance during decision-making from eye movements in order to enable user interface adaptation. This is a challenging task because gaze behavior varies greatly across individual users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Anna Maria Feit , Lukas Vordemann , Seonwook Park , Caterina Bérubé , Otmar Hilliges

Medical eye-tracking data is an important information source for understanding how radiologists visually interpret medical images. This information not only improves the accuracy of deep learning models for X-ray analysis but also their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Trong Thang Pham , Tien-Phat Nguyen , Yuki Ikebe , Akash Awasthi , Zhigang Deng , Carol C. Wu , Hien Nguyen , Ngan Le

For many applications, such as targeted advertising and content recommendation, knowing users' traits and interests is a prerequisite. User profiling is a helpful approach for this purpose. However, current methods, i.e. self-reporting,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-04-15 Keng-Teck Ma , Qianli Xu , Liyuan Li , Terence Sim , Mohan Kankanhalli , Rosary Lim

We examined eye and head movements to gain insights into skill development in clinical settings. A total of 24 practitioners participated in simulated baby delivery training sessions. We calculated key metrics, including pupillary response…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Kayhan Latifzadeh , Luis A. Leiva , Klen Čopič Pucihar , Matjaž Kljun , Iztok Devetak , Lili Steblovnik

Eye movement prediction is a promising area of research with the potential to improve performance and the user experience of systems based on eye-tracking technology. In this study, we analyze individual differences in gaze prediction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Kateryna Melnyk , Lee Friedman , Dmytro Katrychuk , Oleg Komogortsev

Eye-tracking has potential to provide rich behavioral data about human cognition in ecologically valid environments. However, analyzing this rich data is often challenging. Most automated analyses are specific to simplistic artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Karan Uppal , Jaeah Kim , Shashank Singh