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This article proves a Pythagoras-type formula for the sides and diagonals of a polygon inscribed in a semicircle having one of the sides of the polygon as diameter.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-01-26 Mircea Gotea

We introduce two explicit examples of polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle. Moments and the reflection coefficients are expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. We find explicit expression for these polynomials in terms of a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-12-18 Alexei Zhedanov

We pose the isospectral problem for the $p$-widths: Is a riemannian manifold $(M^n, g)$ uniquely determined by its $p$-widths, $\{\omega_p(M,g)\}_{p=1}^{\infty}$? We construct many counterexamples on $S^2$ using Zoll metrics and the fact…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-31 Jared Marx-Kuo

The formula for the area of a rhumb polygon, a polygon whose edges are rhumb lines on an ellipsoid of revolution, is derived and a method is given for computing the area accurately. This paper also points out that standard methods for…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-10-24 Charles F. F. Karney

Eberhard-type theorems are statements about the realizability of a polytope (or more general polyhedral maps) given the valency of its vertices and sizes of its polygonal faces up to a linear linear degree of freedom. We present new…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-04 Sebastian Manecke

An infinite family of Boolean polynomials which correspond to the discrete average maps, defined in [2], is constructed and their algebraic and combinatorial properties are investigated. They turn out to be balanced, and some recurrence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Fumio Hazama

We introduce a variational notion of essential spectrum for the Dirichlet $p-$Laplacian. We then extend the classical Persson Theorem to this nonlinear setting. This result provides a geometric characterization of the bottom of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Lorenzo Brasco , Luca Briani , Giovanni Franzina

We compute the expectation of the number of linear spaces on a random complete intersection in $p$-adic projective space. Here "random" means that the coefficients of the polynomials defining the complete intersections are sampled uniformly…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Rida Ait El Manssour , Antonio Lerario

Given a piecewise linear (PL) function $p$ defined on an open subset of $\R^n$, one may construct by elementary means a unique polyhedron with multiplicities $\D(p)$ in the cotangent bundle $\R^n\times \R^{n*}$ representing the graph of the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-06-20 Joseph H. G. Fu , Ryan C. Scott

In a hyperbolic polygon any finite collection of closed billiard trajectories can be assigned an average length function. In this paper, we consider the average length of the collection of cyclically related closed billiard trajectories in…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-13 John Parker , Manvendra Somvanshi

A correspondence between the orbits of a system of 2 complex, homogeneous, polynomial ordinary differential equations with real coefficients and those of a polygonal billiard is displayed. This correspondence is general, in the sense that…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Francois Leyvraz

We present two complementary proofs that, if the lengths of $n$ sticks are sampled at random, then the probability that no $p+1$ sticks can form a $(p+1)$-sided polygon can be expressed as the product of the reciprocals of a series of terms…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Mark Brennan , Noah Callow , Tian Cao Lin

We consider billiard trajectories in a smooth convex body in $\mathbb R^d$ and estimate the number of distinct periodic trajectories that make exactly $p$ reflections per period at the boundary of the body. In the case of prime $p$ we…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2011-07-06 R. N. Karasev

We show how the properties of the cosmological billiards provide useful information (spacetime dimension and $p$-form spectrum) on the oxidation endpoint of the oxidation sequence of gravitational theories. We compare this approach to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Sophie de Buyl , Marc Henneaux , Bernard Julia , Louis Paulot

We introduce a new equivalence relation on the set of all polygonal billiards. We say that two billiards (or polygons) are order equivalent if each of the billiards has an orbit whose footpoints are dense in the boundary and the two…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-01-19 Jozef Bobok , Serge Troubetzkoy

This paper investigates integer multiplication of continued fractions using geometric structures. In particular, this paper shows that integer multiplication of a continued fraction can be represented by replacing one triangulation of an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-09-28 J. Blackman

A rectilinear polygon is a polygon whose edges are axis-aligned. Walking counterclockwise on the boundary of such a polygon yields a sequence of left turns and right turns. The number of left turns always equals the number of right turns…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-09-23 William S. Evans , Krzysztof Fleszar , Philipp Kindermann , Noushin Saeedi , Chan-Su Shin , Alexander Wolff

We find the exact radius of linearization disks at indifferent fixed points of quadratic maps in $\mathbb{C}_p$. We also show that the radius is invariant under power series perturbations. Localizing all periodic orbits of these…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-11-19 Karl-Olof Lindahl

Let $p$ be a fixed prime. For a finite group generated by elements of order $p$, the $p$-width is defined to be the minimal $k\in\mathbb{N}$ such that any group element can be written as a product of at most $k$ elements of order $p$. Let…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-11 Alexander J. Malcolm

Let a polygon be composed of equal rectangles. We find all quadratic irrationals r for which the polygon can be tiled by similar rectangles with given side ratio r.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Ivan Novikov