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In this paper, we consider the problem of tracking the eye-gaze of individuals while they engage in reading. Particularly, we develop ways to accurately track the line being read by an individual using commercially available eye tracking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

We have pioneered the Where-You-Look-Is Where-You-Go approach to controlling mobility platforms by decoding how the user looks at the environment to understand where they want to navigate their mobility device. However, many natural…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Mahendran Subramanian , Suhyung Park , Pavel Orlov , Ali Shafti , A. Aldo Faisal

English as a Second Language (ESL) learners often encounter unknown words that hinder their text comprehension. Automatically detecting these words as users read can enable computing systems to provide just-in-time definitions, synonyms, or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Jiexin Ding , Bowen Zhao , Yuntao Wang , Xinyun Liu , Rui Hao , Ishan Chatterjee , Yuanchun Shi

Methods for scoring text readability have been studied for over a century, and are widely used in research and in user-facing applications in many domains. Thus far, the development and evaluation of such methods have primarily relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Keren Gruteke Klein , Shachar Frenkel , Omer Shubi , Yevgeni Berzak

To enable egocentric contextual AI in always-on smart glasses, it is crucial to be able to keep a record of the user's interactions with the world, including during reading. In this paper, we introduce a new task of reading recognition to…

Decoding methods play an indispensable role in converting language models from next-token predictors into practical task solvers. Prior research on decoding methods, primarily focusing on task-specific models, may not extend to the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chufan Shi , Haoran Yang , Deng Cai , Zhisong Zhang , Yifan Wang , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

Intrinsically motivated goal exploration processes enable agents to autonomously sample goals to explore efficiently complex environments with high-dimensional continuous actions. They have been applied successfully to real world robots to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Adrien Laversanne-Finot , Alexandre Péré , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

In this paper we consider the problem of tracking the progression of reading through eye-gaze measurements. Such an algorithm is novel and will ultimately help to develop a method of analyzing eye-gaze data which had been collected during…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

Eye-gaze tracking research offers significant promise in enhancing various healthcare-related tasks, above all in medical image analysis and interpretation. Eye tracking, a technology that monitors and records the movement of the eyes,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Sahar Moradizeyveh , Mehnaz Tabassum , Sidong Liu , Robert Ahadizad Newport , Amin Beheshti , Antonio Di Ieva

Under pure textual modality, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks by decomposing them into simpler sub-problems. However, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jingming Liu , Yumeng Li , Boyuan Xiao , Yichang Jian , Ziang Qin , Tianjia Shao , Yao-Xiang Ding , Kun Zhou

With the widespread use of large language models (LLMs), many researchers have turned their attention to detecting text generated by them. However, there is no consistent or precise definition of their target, namely "LLM-generated text".…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Mingmeng Geng , Thierry Poibeau

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities for many tasks, often by explicitly decomposing the task via Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Recent work on LLM-based translation designs hand-crafted prompts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Di Wu , Seth Aycock , Christof Monz

We introduce a new multi-modal task for computer systems, posed as a combined vision-language comprehension challenge: identifying the most suitable text describing a scene, given several similar options. Accomplishing the task entails…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-26 Nan Ding , Sebastian Goodman , Fei Sha , Radu Soricut

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are designed to extend Large Language Models (LLMs) with visual capabilities, yet in this work we observe a surprising phenomenon: VLMs can outperform their underlying LLMs on purely text-only tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Nicolas Buzeta , Felipe del Rio , Cristian Hinostroza , Denis Parra , Hans Lobel , Rodrigo Toro Icarte

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance by effectively integrating visual and textual information to solve complex tasks. However, it is not clear how these models reason over the visual and textual data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Moin Aminnaseri , Estevam Hruschka

Eye movements are intricate and dynamic events that contain a wealth of information about the subject and the stimuli. We propose an abstract representation of eye movements that preserve the important nuances in gaze behavior while being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Louise Gillian C. Bautista , Prospero C. Naval

Reading plays a vital role in updating the researchers on recent developments in the field, including but not limited to solutions to various problems and collaborative studies between disciplines. Prior studies identify reading patterns to…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Bhanuka Mahanama , Gavindya Jayawardena , Yasasi Abeysinghe , Vikas Ashok , Sampath Jayarathna

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in visual understanding. This impressive leap raises a compelling question: how can language models, initially trained solely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Jing Bi , Junjia Guo , Yunlong Tang , Lianggong Bruce Wen , Zhang Liu , Chenliang Xu

Reinforcement learning is a promising framework for solving control problems, but its use in practical situations is hampered by the fact that reward functions are often difficult to engineer. Specifying goals and tasks for autonomous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Justin Fu , Anoop Korattikara , Sergey Levine , Sergio Guadarrama

A fundamental question in language learning concerns the role of a speaker's first language in second language acquisition. We present a novel methodology for studying this question: analysis of eye-movement patterns in second language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-04 Yevgeni Berzak , Chie Nakamura , Suzanne Flynn , Boris Katz