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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), which consists of a large number of tunable reflective elements, is capable of enhancing the wireless propagation environment in a cellular network by intelligently reflecting the electromagnetic waves…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-10 Tao Jiang , Hei Victor Cheng , Wei Yu

The increasing reliance on large-scale datasets in machine learning poses significant privacy and ethical challenges, particularly in sensitive domains such as face recognition. Synthetic data generation offers a promising alternative;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Parsa Rahimi , Damien Teney , Sebastien Marcel

Variations in Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and acquisition protocols cause distribution shifts that degrade reconstruction performance on unseen data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a promising solution to address this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Lipei Zhang , Rui Sun , Zhongying Deng , Yanqi Cheng , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Angelica I Aviles-Rivero

Using back-propagation and its variants to train deep networks is often problematic for new users. Issues such as exploding gradients, vanishing gradients, and high sensitivity to weight initialization strategies often make networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Alexander G. Ororbia , Ankur Mali , Daniel Kifer , C. Lee Giles

While diffusion models have shown great potential in portrait generation, generating expressive, coherent, and controllable cinematic portrait videos remains a significant challenge. Existing intermediate signals for portrait generation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Junyi Wang , Yudong Guo , Boyang Guo , Shengming Yang , Juyong Zhang

Diffusion models represent the state-of-the-art in generative modeling. Due to their high training costs, many works leverage pre-trained diffusion models' powerful representations for downstream tasks, such as face super-resolution (FSR),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jiarui Yang , Tao Dai , Yufei Zhu , Naiqi Li , Jinmin Li , Shutao Xia

Self-supervision has emerged as a propitious method for visual representation learning after the recent paradigm shift from handcrafted pretext tasks to instance-similarity based approaches. Most state-of-the-art methods enforce similarity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Sravanti Addepalli , Kaushal Bhogale , Priyam Dey , R. Venkatesh Babu

Standard Set Representation Learning methods typically excel on curated data but often overlook the challenge of inference-time element corruption. This refers to scenarios where deployed models encounter element-level degradations, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yankai Chen , Hanrong Zhang , Bowei He , Philip S. Yu , Xue , Liu

Autoencoders empower state-of-the-art image and video generative models by compressing pixels into a latent space through visual tokenization. Although recent advances have alleviated the performance degradation of autoencoders under high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Dongxu Liu , Jiahui Zhu , Yuang Peng , Haomiao Tang , Yuwei Chen , Chunrui Han , Zheng Ge , Daxin Jiang , Mingxue Liao

Diffusion models have demonstrated excellent capabilities in text-to-image generation. Their semantic understanding (i.e., prompt following) ability has also been greatly improved with large language models (e.g., T5, Llama). However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Anthony Chen , Jianjin Xu , Wenzhao Zheng , Gaole Dai , Yida Wang , Renrui Zhang , Haofan Wang , Shanghang Zhang

Diffusion transformers have demonstrated remarkable generation quality, albeit requiring longer training iterations and numerous inference steps. In each denoising step, diffusion transformers encode the noisy inputs to extract the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Shuai Wang , Zhi Tian , Weilin Huang , Limin Wang

While diffusion models excel at image synthesis, useful representations have been shown to emerge from generative pre-training, suggesting a path towards unified generative and discriminative learning. However, suboptimal semantic flow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Weilai Xiang , Hongyu Yang , Di Huang , Yunhong Wang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is able to build latent representations that generalize well to unseen data. However, only a few SSL techniques exist for the online CL setting, where data arrives in small minibatches, the model must comply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Giacomo Cignoni , Andrea Cossu , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Joost van de Weijer , Antonio Carta

Unsupervised/self-supervised representation learning in time series is critical since labeled samples are usually scarce in real-world scenarios. Existing approaches mainly leverage the contrastive learning framework, which automatically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Wenrui Zhang , Ling Yang , Shijia Geng , Shenda Hong

Deep learning has shown great potential in accelerating diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Nevertheless, existing methods tend to suffer from Rician noise and detail loss in reconstructing the DTI-derived parametric maps especially when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Wenxin Fan , Jian Cheng , Cheng Li , Xinrui Ma , Jing Yang , Juan Zou , Ruoyou Wu , Qiegen Liu , Shanshan Wang

We introduce ElastiFormer, a post-training technique that adapts pretrained Transformer models into an elastic counterpart with variable inference time compute. ElastiFormer introduces small routing modules (as low as .00006% additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Junzhang Liu , Tingkai Liu , Yueyuan Sui , Stephen Xia

Synthetically augmenting training datasets with diffusion models has become an effective strategy for improving the generalization of image classifiers. However, existing approaches typically increase dataset size by 10-30x and struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Dang Nguyen , Jiping Li , Jinghao Zheng , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Fine-tuning Diffusion Models remains an underexplored frontier in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), especially when compared with the remarkable progress made in fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs). While cutting-edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Huizhuo Yuan , Zixiang Chen , Kaixuan Ji , Quanquan Gu

Unsupervised learning enables modeling complex images without the need for annotations. The representation learned by such models can facilitate any subsequent analysis of large image datasets. However, some generative factors that cause…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-27 Maxime W. Lafarge , Josien P. W. Pluim , Mitko Veta

Classifier free guidance has shown strong potential in diffusion-based reinforcement learning. However, existing methods rely on joint training of the guidance module and the diffusion model, which can be suboptimal during the early stages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhaoyang Chen , Cody Fleming