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We determined the metal/silicate partition coefficients of hydrogen and carbon, DH and DC, simultaneously under typical conditions of Earth's core formation. Experiments demonstrate that both DH and DC diminish in the presence of carbon and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-26 Yutaro Tsutsumi , Naoya Sakamoto , Kei Hirose , Shuhei Mita , Shunpei Yokoo , Han Hsu , Hisayoshi Yurimoto

Approximately half of the extrasolar planets (exoplanets) with radii less than four Earth radii are in orbits with short periods. Despite their sheer abundance, the compositions of such planets are largely unknown. The available evidence…

The origin of the Earth's ocean has been discussed on the basis of deuterium/hydrogen ratios (D/H) of several sources of water in the solar system. The average D/H of carbonaceous chondrites (CC's) is known to be close to the current D/H of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Hidenori Genda , Masahiro Ikoma

Meteorites, and in particular primitive meteorites (chondrites), are irreplaceable probes of the solar protoplanetary disk. We review their essential properties and endeavour to place them in astrophysical context. The earliest solar system…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-12 Emmanuel Jacquet , Cornelis Dullemond , Joanna Drążkowska , Steven Desch

The Moon-forming giant impact extensively melts and partially vaporizes the silicate Earth and delivers a substantial mass of metal to Earth's core. Subsequent evolution of the magma ocean and overlying atmosphere has been described by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-24 Kaveh Pahlevan , Laura Schaefer , Marc M. Hirschmann

In some recent works, the C/O abundance ratio in high-metallicity stars with planets is found to vary from 0.4 to about 1.0. This has led to discussions about the existence of terrestrial planets with a carbon-dominated composition that is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Poul Erik Nissen

Observations of comets and asteroids show that the Solar Nebula that spawned our planetary system was rich in water and organic molecules. Bombardment brought these organics to the young Earth's surface, seeding its early chemistry. Unlike…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-03 Karin I. Oberg , Viviana V. Guzman , Kenji Furuya , Chunhua Qi , Yuri Aikawa , Sean M. Andrews , Ryan Loomis , David J. Wilner

We present new estimates of protosolar elemental abundances based on an improved combination of solar photospheric abundances and CI chondritic abundances. These new estimates indicate CI chondrites and solar abundances are consistent for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-01 Haiyang S. Wang , Charles H. Lineweaver , Trevor R. Ireland

Planets form and obtain their compositions from the leftover material present in protoplanetary disks of dust and gas surrounding young stars. The chemical make-up of a disk influences every aspect of planetary composition including their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Martin Bizzarro , Anders Johansen , Caroline Dorn

The atmospheric C/O ratio of exoplanets is widely used to constrain their formation. To guarantee that the C/O ratio provides robust information, we need to accurately quantify the amount of C and O in exoplanetary atmospheres. In the case…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-08 S. Fonte , D. Turrini , E. Pacetti , E. Schisano , S. Molinari , D. Polychroni , R. Politi , Q. Changeat

Water is crucial for the emergence and evolution of life on Earth. Recent studies of the water content in early forming planetary systems similar to our own show that water is an abundant and ubiquitous molecule, initially synthesized on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-13 Cecilia Ceccarelli , Fujun Du

Chondritic meteorites constitute the most ancient rock record available in the laboratory to study the formation of the solar system and its planets. Detailed investigations of their mineralogy, petrography, chemistry and isotopic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-11 Jerome Aleon

The Sun exhibits a depletion in $^{17,18}$O relative to $^{16}$O by 6 % compared to the Earth and Moon$^{1}$. The origin of such a non-mass-dependent isotope fractionation has been extensively debated since the three-isotope-analysis$^{2}$…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-19 Akihiko Hashimoto , Yuki Nakano

Isotope anomalies among planetary bodies provide key constraints on planetary genetics and the Solar System's dynamical evolution. However, to unlock the full potential of these anomalies for constraining the processing, mixing, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-31 Christoph Burkhardt , Nicolas Dauphas , Ulrik Hans , Bernard Bourdon , Thorsten Kleine

We computed the abundance of refractory elements in planetary bodies formed in stellar systems with solar chemical composition by combining models for chemical composition and planet formation. We also consider the formation of refractory…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Amaury Thiabaud , Ulysse Marboeuf , Yann Alibert , Nahuel Cabral , Ingo Leya , Klaus Mezger

The composition of an atmosphere has integrated the geological history of the entire planetary body. However, the long-term evolutions of the atmospheres of the terrestrial planets are not well documented. For Earth, there were until…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-26 Guillaume Avice , Bernard Marty

Magma ocean crystallisation sets up the early structure and long-term evolution of terrestrial planets. Recent seismic evidence signals the presence of a silicate layer at the base of Mars' mantle. Magma-ocean crystallisation and subsequent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Antonio Manjón-Cabeza Córdoba , Maxim D. Ballmer , Oliver Shorttle

The models that most successfully reproduce the orbital architecture of the Solar System terrestrial planets start from a narrow annulus of material that grows into embryos and then planets. However, it is not clear how this ring model can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-08 Max Goldberg , David Nesvorný , Alessandro Morbidelli

Given the central role of carbon in the chemistry of life, it is a fundamental question as to how carbon is supplied to the Earth, in what form and when. We provide an accounting of carbon found in solar system bodies, in particular a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Edwin A. Bergin , L. Ilsedore Cleeves , Nathan Crockett , Geoffrey Blake

Context. The crust composition of rocky exoplanets with a substantial atmosphere can not be observed directly. However, recent developments start to allow the observation and characterisation of their atmospheres. Aims. We aim to establish…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Oliver Herbort , Leon Sereinig