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Recently proposed self-supervised learning approaches have been successful for pre-training speech representation models. The utility of these learned representations has been observed empirically, but not much has been studied about the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Ankita Pasad , Ju-Chieh Chou , Karen Livescu

A recent line of research on spoken language assessment (SLA) employs neural models such as BERT and wav2vec 2.0 (W2V) to evaluate speaking proficiency across linguistic and acoustic modalities. Although both models effectively capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hong-Yun Lin , Tien-Hong Lo , Yu-Hsuan Fang , Jhen-Ke Lin , Chung-Chun Wang , Hao-Chien Lu , Berlin Chen

Wav2vec 2.0 is a recently proposed self-supervised framework for speech representation learning. It follows a two-stage training process of pre-training and fine-tuning, and performs well in speech recognition tasks especially ultra-low…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Zhiyun Fan , Meng Li , Shiyu Zhou , Bo Xu

This paper addresses the task of readability assessment for the texts aimed at second language (L2) learners. One of the major challenges in this task is the lack of significantly sized level-annotated data. For the present work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Menglin Xia , Ekaterina Kochmar , Ted Briscoe

In this paper, we explore the untapped potential of Whisper, a well-established automatic speech recognition (ASR) foundation model, in the context of L2 spoken language assessment (SLA). Unlike prior studies that extrinsically analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Fu-An Chao , Bi-Cheng Yan , Berlin Chen

In recent years, automated approaches to assessing linguistic complexity in second language (L2) writing have made significant progress in gauging learner performance, predicting human ratings of the quality of learner productions, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Yu Qiao , Wei Zhou , Elma Kerz , Ralf Schlüter

Vocabulary use is a fundamental aspect of second language (L2) proficiency. To date, its assessment by automated systems has typically examined the context-independent, or part-of-speech (PoS) related use of words. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Stefano Bannò , Kate Knill , Mark Gales

We propose a weakly-supervised model for word-level mispronunciation detection in non-native (L2) English speech. To train this model, phonetically transcribed L2 speech is not required and we only need to mark mispronounced words. The lack…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Daniel Korzekwa , Jaime Lorenzo-Trueba , Thomas Drugman , Shira Calamaro , Bozena Kostek

Spoken Language Assessment (SLA) estimates a learner's oral proficiency from spontaneous speech. The growing population of L2 English speakers has intensified the demand for reliable SLA, a critical component of Computer Assisted Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hong-Yun Lin , Jhen-Ke Lin , Chung-Chun Wang , Hao-Chien Lu , Berlin Chen

Prevalent ungrammatical expressions and disfluencies in spontaneous speech from second language (L2) learners pose unique challenges to Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. However, few datasets are tailored to L2 learner speech. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Haechan Kim , Junho Myung , Seoyoung Kim , Sungpah Lee , Dongyeop Kang , Juho Kim

This article addresses Second Language (L2) writing development through an investigation of new grammatical and structural complexity metrics. We explore the paradigmatic production in learner English by linking language functions to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Cyriel Mallart , Andrew Simpkin , Nicolas Ballier , Paula Lissón , Rémi Venant , Jen-Yu Li , Bernardo Stearns , Thomas Gaillat

Recent advances in unsupervised speech representation learning discover new approaches and provide new state-of-the-art for diverse types of speech processing tasks. This paper presents an investigation of using wav2vec 2.0 deep speech…

There are several domains that own corresponding widely used feature extractors, such as ResNet, BERT, and GPT-x. These models are usually pre-trained on large amounts of unlabeled data by self-supervision and can be effectively applied to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Cheng Yi , Jianzhong Wang , Ning Cheng , Shiyu Zhou , Bo Xu

An accurate assessment of L2 English pronunciation is crucial for language learning, as it provides personalized feedback and ensures a fair evaluation of individual progress. However, automated scoring remains challenging due to the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Aditya Kamlesh Parikh , Cristian Tejedor-Garcia , Catia Cucchiarini , Helmer Strik

Reading comprehension, which has been defined as gaining an understanding of written text through a process of translating grapheme into meaning, is an important academic skill. Other language learning skills - writing, speaking and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Santosh Kumar Barnwal

Recent studies have shown how self-supervised models can produce accurate speech quality predictions. Speech representations generated by the pre-trained wav2vec 2.0 model allows constructing robust predicting models using small amounts of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-06 Helard Becerra , Alessandro Ragano , Andrew Hines

Automatic assessment of dysarthric speech is essential for sustained treatments and rehabilitation. However, obtaining atypical speech is challenging, often leading to data scarcity issues. To tackle the problem, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Eun Jung Yeo , Kwanghee Choi , Sunhee Kim , Minhwa Chung

Current leading mispronunciation detection and diagnosis (MDD) systems achieve promising performance via end-to-end phoneme recognition. One challenge of such end-to-end solutions is the scarcity of human-annotated phonemes on natural L2…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-13 Mu Yang , Kevin Hirschi , Stephen D. Looney , Okim Kang , John H. L. Hansen

This study explores F0 entrainment in second language (L2) English speech imitation during an Alternating Reading Task (ART). Participants with Italian, French, and Slovak native languages imitated English utterances, and their F0…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Zheng Yuan , Štefan Beňuš , Alessandro D'Ausilio

In recent years, the standard hybrid DNN-HMM speech recognizers are outperformed by the end-to-end speech recognition systems. One of the very promising approaches is the grapheme Wav2Vec 2.0 model, which uses the self-supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Jan Švec , Jan Lehečka , Luboš Šmídl