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A pulsar timing array is a Galactic-scale detector of nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs). Its target signals contain two components: the `Earth term' and the `pulsar term' corresponding to GWs incident on the Earth and pulsar respectively.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-06 Xingjiang Zhu , Linqing Wen , Jie Xiong , Yanjun Xu , Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , George Hobbs , Richard N. Manchester

High-precision pulsar timing is central to a wide range of astrophysics and fundamental physics applications. When timing an ensemble of millisecond pulsars in different sky positions, known as a pulsar timing array (PTA), one can search…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-09 R. N. Caballero

We consider the sensitivity of the pulsar timing array (PTA) technique to specific kind of narrow-band stochastic signals in nano-Hz frequency range. Specifically, we examine the narrow-band signal produced by oscillating gravitational…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-04 Konstantin A. Postnov , Nataliya K. Porayko

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have the potential to unveil continuous gravitational wave (CGW) signals from individual massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). Detecting them in both gravitational waves (GW) and the electromagnetic (EM)…

Direct detection of low-frequency gravitational waves ($10^{-9} - 10^{-8}$ Hz) is the main goal of pulsar timing array (PTA) projects. One of the main targets for the PTAs is to measure the stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWB)…

The use of pulsars as astrophysical clocks for gravitational wave experiments demands the highest possible timing precision. Pulse times of arrival (TOAs) are limited by stochastic processes that occur in the pulsar itself, along the line…

Pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments are expected to detect nano-Hertz gravitational waves (GWs) emitted from individual inspiralling supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs). The GW signals from a small fraction of these SMBBHs may be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-19 Hao Ma , Youjun Lu , Zhiwei Chen , Yunfeng Chen

In order to maximize the sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays to a stochastic gravitational wave background, we present computational techniques to optimize observing schedules. The techniques are applicable to both single and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 K. J. Lee , C. G. Bassa , R. Karuppusamy , M. Kramer , R. Smits , B. W. Stappers

Precision pulsar timing at the level of tens to hundreds of nanoseconds allows detection of nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) at the cores of merging galaxies and, potentially, from exotic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-25 J. M. Cordes , M. A. McLaughlin

Radio pulsars are often used as clocks in a wide variety of experiments. Imperfections in the clock, known as timing noise, have the potential to reduce the significance of, or even thwart e.g. the attempt to find a stochastic gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-26 Nakornping Namkham , Phrudth Jaroenjittichai , Simon Johnston

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are on the verge of detecting low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). With continued observations of a large sample of millisecond pulsars, PTAs will reach this…

We present a detailed analysis of the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) Second Mock Data Challenge. We tested our analysis methods using the open datasets, and then analyzed the closed datasets. In both the open and the closed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-01 P. T. Baker , P. R. Brook , W. C. Fiore , N. Garver-Daniels , A. R. Kaiser , M. T. Lam , B. J. Shapiro-Albert , C. A. Witt

Analysis of high-precision timing observations of an array of approx. 20 millisecond pulsars (a so-called "timing array") may ultimately result in the detection of a stochastic gravitational-wave background. The feasibility of such a…

We use the Horizon-AGN cosmological simulation to study the properties of supermassive black hole binaries (MBHBs) contributing most to the gravitational wave background (GWB) signal expected in the pulsar timing array (PTA) band. We…

Massive binary black holes (MBBHs) in nearby galactic centers, if any, may be nano-Hertz gravitational wave (GW) sources for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) to detect. Normally the objective GWs for PTA experiments are approximated as plane…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-04 Xiao Guo , Youjun Lu , Qingjuan Yu

On a time scale of years to decades, gravitational wave (GW) astronomy will become a reality. Low frequency (nanoHz) GWs are detectable through long-term timing observations of the most stable pulsars. Radio observatories worldwide are…

We present the largest single survey to date of average profiles of radio pulsars, observed and processed using the same telescope and data reduction software. Specifically, we present measurements for 1170 pulsars, observed by the Thousand…

The maximum frequency of gravitational waves (GWs) detectable with traditional pulsar timing methods is set by the Nyquist frequency ($f_{\rm{Ny}}$) of the observation. Beyond this frequency, GWs leave no temporal-correlated signals;…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-17 S. -X Yi , S. -N. Zhang

Multiple pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have recently reported the first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of nanohertz frequencies. The signal is expected to be primarily sourced by inspiralling supermassive black hole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-13 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Matias Zaldarriaga , Eliot Quataert

We present results of an all-sky search in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) Data Release 1 data set for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) in the frequency range from $5\times 10^{-9}$ to $2\times 10^{-7}$ Hz. Such signals could be…