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Quantization Neural Networks (QNN) have attracted a lot of attention due to their high efficiency. To enhance the quantization accuracy, prior works mainly focus on designing advanced quantization algorithms but still fail to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Mingzhu Shen , Feng Liang , Ruihao Gong , Yuhang Li , Chuming Li , Chen Lin , Fengwei Yu , Junjie Yan , Wanli Ouyang

The number of parameters in deep neural networks (DNNs) is rapidly increasing to support complicated tasks and to improve model accuracy. Correspondingly, the amount of computations and required memory footprint increase as well.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Yongkweon Jeon , Baeseong Park , Se Jung Kwon , Byeongwook Kim , Jeongin Yun , Dongsoo Lee

Quantization techniques can reduce the size of Deep Neural Networks and improve inference latency and throughput by taking advantage of high throughput integer instructions. In this paper we review the mathematical aspects of quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Hao Wu , Patrick Judd , Xiaojie Zhang , Mikhail Isaev , Paulius Micikevicius

Quantization is an essential and popular technique for improving the accessibility of large language models (LLMs) by reducing memory usage and computational costs while maintaining performance. In this study, we apply 4-bit Group Scaling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Sahil Sk , Debasish Dhal , Sonal Khosla , Sk Shahid , Sambit Shekhar , Akash Dhaka , Shantipriya Parida , Dilip K. Prasad , Ondřej Bojar

Recent advances in deep learning methods such as LLMs and Diffusion models have created a need for improved quantization methods that can meet the computational demands of these modern architectures while maintaining accuracy. Towards this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Haihao Shen , Naveen Mellempudi , Xin He , Qun Gao , Chang Wang , Mengni Wang

LLMs are seeing growing use for applications which require large context windows, and with these large context windows KV cache activations surface as the dominant contributor to memory consumption during inference. Quantization is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Coleman Hooper , Sehoon Kim , Hiva Mohammadzadeh , Michael W. Mahoney , Yakun Sophia Shao , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Effective employment of deep neural networks (DNNs) in mobile devices and embedded systems is hampered by requirements for memory and computational power. This paper presents a non-uniform quantization approach which allows for dynamic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-05 Niccoló Nicodemo , Gaurav Naithani , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen , Roberto Saletti

Quantization is a technique used in deep neural networks (DNNs) to increase execution performance and hardware efficiency. Uniform post-training quantization (PTQ) methods are common, since they can be implemented efficiently in hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Gil Shomron , Freddy Gabbay , Samer Kurzum , Uri Weiser

Neural network quantization is a promising compression technique to reduce memory footprint and save energy consumption, potentially leading to real-time inference. However, there is a performance gap between quantized and full-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Qing Jin , Jian Ren , Richard Zhuang , Sumant Hanumante , Zhengang Li , Zhiyu Chen , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang , Sergey Tulyakov

Deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in a wide range of applications, from natural language processing and computer vision to speech recognition. However, as tasks become increasingly complex, model sizes continue to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tomer Gafni , Asaf Karnieli , Yair Hanani

The practical deployment of diffusion models is still hindered by the high memory and computational overhead. Although quantization paves a way for model compression and acceleration, existing methods face challenges in achieving low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Haoxuan Wang , Yuzhang Shang , Zhihang Yuan , Junyi Wu , Junchi Yan , Yan Yan

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is an effective method to drastically reduce the memory footprint of LLMs while keeping performance degradation at an acceptable level. However, the optimal choice of quantization format and bit-width…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sohir Maskey , Constantin Eichenberg , Johannes Messner , Douglas Orr

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown their remarkable capacities in many NLP tasks. However, their substantial size often presents challenges for deployment. This necessitates efficient techniques for model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Robin Baki Davidsson , Pierre Nugues

Large language models (LLMs) now support context windows exceeding 128K tokens, but this comes with significant memory requirements and high inference latency. Quantization can mitigate these costs, but may degrade performance. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anmol Mekala , Anirudh Atmakuru , Yixiao Song , Marzena Karpinska , Mohit Iyyer

This study addresses the deployment challenges of integer-only quantized Transformers on resource-constrained embedded FPGAs (Xilinx Spartan-7 XC7S15). We enhanced the flexibility of our VHDL template by introducing a selectable resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Tianheng Ling , Chao Qian , Gregor Schiele

Deep learning-based face recognition models follow the common trend in deep neural networks by utilizing full-precision floating-point networks with high computational costs. Deploying such networks in use-cases constrained by computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Fadi Boutros , Naser Damer , Arjan Kuijper

Mixed-precision quantization, where a deep neural network's layers are quantized to different precisions, offers the opportunity to optimize the trade-offs between model size, latency, and statistical accuracy beyond what can be achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Georg Rutishauser , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

We introduce a data-free quantization method for deep neural networks that does not require fine-tuning or hyperparameter selection. It achieves near-original model performance on common computer vision architectures and tasks. 8-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Tijmen Blankevoort , Max Welling

As deep learning (DL) is being rapidly pushed to edge computing, researchers invented various ways to make inference computation more efficient on mobile/IoT devices, such as network pruning, parameter compression, and etc. Quantization, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Tao Sheng , Chen Feng , Shaojie Zhuo , Xiaopeng Zhang , Liang Shen , Mickey Aleksic

Neural network quantization is widely used to reduce model inference complexity in real-world deployments. However, traditional integer quantization suffers from accuracy degradation when adapting to various dynamic ranges. Recent research…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Zhuoyi Zhang , Yunchen Zhang , Gonglei Shi , Yu Shen , Ruihao Gong , Xiaoxu Xia , Qi Zhang , Lewei Lu , Xianglong Liu