Related papers: Advancing Email Spam Detection: Leveraging Zero-Sh…
This paper investigates the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) in email spam detection by comparing prominent models from three distinct families: BERT-like, Sentence Transformers, and Seq2Seq. Additionally, we examine…
This paper investigates the application of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for spam email classification using zero-shot prompting. We evaluate the performance of both open-source (Flan-T5) and proprietary LLMs (ChatGPT, GPT-4) on…
Spam messages continue to present significant challenges to digital users, cluttering inboxes and posing security risks. Traditional spam detection methods, including rules-based, collaborative, and machine learning approaches, struggle to…
In the modern era, mobile phones have become ubiquitous, and Short Message Service (SMS) has grown to become a multi-million-dollar service due to the widespread adoption of mobile devices and the millions of people who use SMS daily.…
The increasing threat of SMS spam, driven by evolving adversarial techniques and concept drift, calls for more robust and adaptive detection methods. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of large language models (LLMs), both open-source…
Emails and SMSs are the most popular tools in today communications, and as the increase of emails and SMSs users are increase, the number of spams is also increases. Spam is any kind of unwanted, unsolicited digital communication that gets…
Email is one of the most widely used ways to communicate, with millions of people and businesses relying on it to communicate and share knowledge and information on a daily basis. Nevertheless, the rise in email users has occurred a…
One of the stratagems used to deceive spam filters is to substitute vocables with synonyms or similar words that turn the message unrecognisable by the detection algorithms. In this paper we investigate whether the recent development of…
Machine unlearning for security is studied in this context. Several spam email detection methods exist, each of which employs a different algorithm to detect undesired spam emails. But these models are vulnerable to attacks. Many attackers…
Deep learning transformer models become important by training on text data based on self-attention mechanisms. This manuscript demonstrated a novel universal spam detection model using pre-trained Google's Bidirectional Encoder…
Today, people use email services such as Gmail, Outlook, AOL Mail, etc. to communicate with each other as quickly as possible to send information and official letters. Spam or junk mail is a major challenge to this type of communication,…
Phishing and spam detection is long standing challenge that has been the subject of much academic research. Large Language Models (LLM) have vast potential to transform society and provide new and innovative approaches to solve…
Text classification is fundamental in Natural Language Processing (NLP), and the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field. This paper introduces an adaptable and reliable text classification paradigm, which…
The proliferation of phishing sites and emails poses significant challenges to existing cybersecurity efforts. Despite advances in malicious email filters and email security protocols, problems with oversight and false positives persist.…
Retrained large language models (LLMs) have become extensively used across various sub-disciplines of natural language processing (NLP). In NLP, text classification problems have garnered considerable focus, but still faced with some…
In this paper, we put forward a new tool, called SpaML, for spam detection using a set of supervised and unsupervised classifiers, and two techniques imbued with Natural Language Processing (NLP), namely Bag of Words (BoW) and Term…
Few-shot learning-the ability to train models with access to limited data-has become increasingly popular in the natural language processing (NLP) domain, as large language models such as GPT and T0 have been empirically shown to achieve…
Spam is commonly known as unsolicited or unwanted email messages in the Internet causing potential threat to Internet Security. Users spend a valuable amount of time deleting spam emails. More importantly, ever increasing spam emails occupy…
Anomalies in emails such as phishing and spam present major security risks such as the loss of privacy, money, and brand reputation to both individuals and organizations. Previous studies on email anomaly detection relied on a single type…
Despite achieving good performance and wide adoption, machine learning based security detection models (e.g., malware classifiers) are subject to concept drift and evasive evolution of attackers, which renders up-to-date threat data as a…