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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly boosted long-context processing. However, the increasing key-value (KV) cache size poses critical challenges to memory and execution efficiency. Most KV cache compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Xiaolin Lin , Jingcun Wang , Olga Kondrateva , Yiyu Shi , Bing Li , Grace Li Zhang

Over the past few years, self-attention is shining in the field of deep learning, especially in the domain of natural language processing(NLP). Its impressive effectiveness, along with ubiquitous implementations, have aroused our interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Mingfei Yu , Masahiro Fujita

Recently, incorporating knowledge from pretrained language models (PLMs) into decision transformers (DTs) has generated significant attention in offline reinforcement learning (RL). These PLMs perform well in RL tasks, raising an intriguing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Wenhao Zhao , Qiushui Xu , Linjie Xu , Lei Song , Jinyu Wang , Chunlai Zhou , Jiang Bian

We present LLMQ, an end-to-end CUDA/C++ implementation for medium-sized language-model training, e.g. 3B to 32B parameters, on affordable, commodity GPUs. These devices are characterized by low memory availability and slow communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Erik Schultheis , Dan Alistarh

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) usually are overparameterized and have millions of weight parameters, it is challenging to deploy these large DNN models on resource-constrained hardware platforms, e.g., smartphones. Numerous network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Peng Hu , Xi Peng , Hongyuan Zhu , Mohamed M. Sabry Aly , Jie Lin

The high memory demands of the Key-Value (KV) Cache during the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) severely restrict their deployment in resource-constrained platforms. Quantization can effectively alleviate the memory pressure caused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fei Li , Song Liu , Weiguo Wu , Shiqiang Nie , Jinyu Wang

Mixed Precision Quantization (MPQ) has become an essential technique for optimizing neural network by determining the optimal bitwidth per layer. Existing MPQ methods, however, face a major hurdle: they require a computationally expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lianbo Ma , Jianlun Ma , Yuee Zhou , Guoyang Xie , Qiang He , Zhichao Lu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) plays a crucial role in the democratization of large language models (LLMs). However, existing low-bit quantization and sparsification techniques are difficult to balance accuracy and efficiency due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ruixuan Huang , Hao Zeng , Hantao Huang , Jinyuan Shi , Minghui Yu , Ian En-Hsu Yen , Shuai Wang

We explore the industrial and scientific applicability of the VQE-LSTM framework by integrating meta-learning with GPU accelerated quantum simulation using NVIDIA's CUDA-Q (CUDAQ) platform. This work demonstrates how an LSTM-FC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Yun-Hsuan Chen , Jen-Yu Chang , Tsung-Wei Huang , En-Jui Kuo

We introduce Glinthawk, an architecture for offline Large Language Model (LLM) inference. By leveraging a two-tiered structure, Glinthawk optimizes the utilization of the high-end accelerators ("Tier 1") by offloading the attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Pouya Hamadanian , Sadjad Fouladi

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have demonstrated their effectiveness for a broad range of information retrieval and natural language processing tasks. As the core part of PLM, multi-head self-attention is appealing for its ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Shanshan Wang , Zhumin Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Huasheng Liang , Qiang Yan , Pengjie Ren

In the realm of deep learning, the self-attention mechanism has substantiated its pivotal role across a myriad of tasks, encompassing natural language processing and computer vision. Despite achieving success across diverse applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Muhan Zhang

Many-particle continuous-time quantum walks (CTQWs) represent a resource for several tasks in quantum technology, including quantum search algorithms and universal quantum computation. In order to design and implement CTQWs in a realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-02 Enrico Piccinini , Claudia Benedetti , Ilaria Siloi , Matteo G. A. Paris , Paolo Bordone

We develop hybrid memory architectures for general-purpose sequence processing neural networks, that combine key-value memory using softmax attention (KV-memory) with fast weight memory through dynamic synaptic modulation (FW-memory) -- the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kazuki Irie , Morris Yau , Samuel J. Gershman

Diffusion models have received wide attention in generation tasks. However, the expensive computation cost prevents the application of diffusion models in resource-constrained scenarios. Quantization emerges as a practical solution that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Weilun Feng , Haotong Qin , Chuanguang Yang , Zhulin An , Libo Huang , Boyu Diao , Fei Wang , Renshuai Tao , Yongjun Xu , Michele Magno

In this paper, we propose a generalizable mixed-precision quantization (GMPQ) method for efficient inference. Conventional methods require the consistency of datasets for bitwidth search and model deployment to guarantee the policy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Ziwei Wang , Han Xiao , Jiwen Lu , Jie Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer state-of-the-art performance in natural language understanding and generation tasks. However, the deployment of leading commercial models for specialized tasks, such as e-commerce, is often hindered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Josip Tomo Licardo , Nikola Tankovic

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in multi-modal reasoning, but their inference time efficiency remains a significant challenge due to the memory overhead during decoding, especially when the query and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Fatih Ilhan , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Selim Furkan Tekin , Tiansheng Huang , Zachary Yahn , Yichang Xu , Ling Liu

Scaling Transformers to longer sequence lengths has been a major problem in the last several years, promising to improve performance in language modeling and high-resolution image understanding, as well as to unlock new applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Tri Dao

Large Language Models (LLMs) with multimodal capabilities have revolutionized vision-language tasks, but their deployment often requires huge memory and computational resources. While post-training quantization (PTQ) has successfully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shubhang Bhatnagar , Andy Xu , Kar-Han Tan , Narendra Ahuja