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We introduce Meta-Reasoning Prompting (MRP), a novel and efficient system prompting method for large language models (LLMs) inspired by human meta-reasoning. Traditional in-context learning-based reasoning techniques, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Peizhong Gao , Ao Xie , Shaoguang Mao , Wenshan Wu , Yan Xia , Haipeng Mi , Furu Wei

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly improved the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, conventional CoT often relies on unstructured, flat reasoning chains that suffer from redundancy and suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xingshuai Huang , Derek Li , Bahareh Nikpour , Parsa Omidi

Large language model-based web agents have shown strong potential in automating web interactions through advanced reasoning and instruction following. While retrieval-based memory derived from historical trajectories enables these agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yunteng Tan , Zhi Gao , Xinxiao Wu

Tree of Thoughts (ToT) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning by structuring problem-solving as a spanning tree. However, recent methods focus on search accuracy while overlooking computational efficiency. The challenges of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yifu Ding , Wentao Jiang , Shunyu Liu , Yongcheng Jing , Jinyang Guo , Yingjie Wang , Jing Zhang , Zengmao Wang , Ziwei Liu , Bo Du , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

To enable non-experts to specify long-horizon, multi-robot collaborative tasks, language models are increasingly used to translate natural language commands into formal specifications. However, because translation can occur in multiple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Shaojun Xu , Xusheng Luo , Yutong Huang , Letian Leng , Ruixuan Liu , Changliu Liu

Efficient retrieval of external knowledge bases and web pages is crucial for enhancing the reasoning abilities of LLMs. Previous works on training LLMs to leverage external retrievers for solving complex problems have predominantly employed…

We introduce the Learning Hyperplane Tree (LHT), a novel oblique decision tree model designed for expressive and interpretable classification. LHT fundamentally distinguishes itself through a non-iterative, statistically-driven approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hongyi Li , Jun Xu , William Ward Armstrong

While systems designed for solving planning tasks vastly outperform Large Language Models (LLMs) in this domain, they usually discard the rich semantic information embedded within task descriptions. In contrast, LLMs possess parametrised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Andrey Borro , Patricia J Riddle , Michael W Barley , Michael J Witbrock

Training Long-Context Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging, as hybrid training with long-context and short-context data often leads to workload imbalances. Existing works mainly use data packing to alleviate this issue, but fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yongqiang Yao , Jingru Tan , Kaihuan Liang , Feizhao Zhang , Jiahao Hu , Shuo Wu , Yazhe Niu , Ruihao Gong , Dahua Lin , Ningyi Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

Research in robotic planning with temporal logic specifications, such as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL), has relied on single formulas. However, as task complexity increases, LTL formulas become lengthy, making them difficult to interpret and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xusheng Luo , Changliu Liu

The inherent probabilistic nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) introduces an element of unpredictability, raising concerns about potential discrepancies in their output. This paper introduces an innovative approach aims to generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Md Sadman Sakib , Yu Sun

Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) on traditional natural language processing tasks, their planning ability remains a critical bottleneck in tackling complex multi-step reasoning tasks. Existing approaches mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jiaxin Wen , Jian Guan , Hongning Wang , Wei Wu , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous progress, yet they still often struggle with challenging reasoning problems. Current approaches address this challenge by sampling or searching detailed and low-level reasoning chains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Zhan Ling , Yunhao Fang , Xuanlin Li , Tongzhou Mu , Mingu Lee , Reza Pourreza , Roland Memisevic , Hao Su

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but often suffer from overthinking, generating overly long and redundant reasoning trajectories. To explore its essence, our empirical analysis reveals that LRMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yongjiang Liu , Haoxi Li , Xiaosong Ma , Jie Zhang , Song Guo

The field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed significant progress in recent years, with a notable focus on improving large language models' (LLM) performance through innovative prompting techniques. Among these, prompt…

The inherent capabilities of a language model (LM) and the reasoning strategies it employs jointly determine its performance in reasoning tasks. While test-time scaling is regarded as an effective approach to tackling complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhihong Pan , Kai Zhang , Yuze Zhao , Yupeng Han

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating Automated Planning (AP) models has been widely explored; however, their application to Hierarchical Planning (HP) is still far from reaching the level of sophistication observed in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Israel Puerta-Merino , Carlos Núñez-Molina , Pablo Mesejo , Juan Fernández-Olivares

Large Language Models (LLMs) gain substantial reasoning and decision-making capabilities from thought structures. However, existing methods such as Tree of Thought and Retrieval Augmented Thoughts often fall short in complex tasks due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jinghan Zhang , Xiting Wang , Weijieying Ren , Lu Jiang , Dongjie Wang , Kunpeng Liu

To improve the efficiency of warehousing system and meet huge customer orders, we aim to solve the challenges of dimension disaster and dynamic properties in hyper scale multi-robot task planning (MRTP) for robotic mobile fulfillment system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xuan Zhou , Xiang Shi , Lele Zhang , Chen Chen , Hongbo Li , Lin Ma , Fang Deng , Jie Chen