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Competing risk models are survival models with several events of interest acting in competition and whose occurrence is only observed for the event that occurs first in time. This paper presents a Bayesian approach to these models in which…

In causal inference, it is common to estimate the causal effect of a single treatment variable on an outcome. However, practitioners may also be interested in the effect of simultaneous interventions on multiple covariates of a fixed target…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-24 Jaime Roquero Gimenez , Dominik Rothenhäusler

Cluster analysis is a popular unsupervised learning tool used in many disciplines to identify heterogeneous sub-populations within a sample. However, validating cluster analysis results and determining the number of clusters in a data set…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-26 Ali Turfah , Xiaoquan Wen

This dissertation focuses on modern causal inference under uncertainty and data restrictions, with applications to neoadjuvant clinical trials, distributed data networks, and robust individualized decision making. In the first project, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-24 Xiaoqing Tan

Interference arises when an individual's potential outcome depends on the individual treatment level, but also on the treatment level of others. A common assumption in the causal inference literature in the presence of interference is…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-15 Georgia Papadogeorgou , Fabrizia Mealli , Corwin M. Zigler

This paper develops a performant Bayesian approach to conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimation in regression discontinuity designs (RDD), an increasingly prevalent form of quasi-experiment that facilitates causal inference.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Rafael Alcantara , P. Richard Hahn , Hedibert F. Lopes

Evaluating heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) across subgroups is common in both randomized trials and observational studies. Although several statistical challenges of HTE analyses including low statistical power and multiple…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-10 Noorie Hyun , Abisola E. Idu , Andrea J. Cook , Jennifer F. Bobb

This review provides a systematic overview of methods that combine covariate-based clustering of observational units (patients) with outcome models for clinical studies. We distinguish between informed-cluster models, where the outcome…

A major challenge in cluster analysis is that the number of data clusters is mostly unknown and it must be estimated prior to clustering the observed data. In real-world applications, the observed data is often subject to heavy tailed noise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-06 Freweyni K. Teklehaymanot , Michael Muma , Abdelhak M. Zoubir

Background: Stepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SW-CRTs) involve sequential measurements within clusters over time. Initially, all clusters start in the control condition before crossing over to the intervention on a staggered…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Jale Basten , Katja Ickstadt , Nina Timmesfeld

This paper presents a randomization-based framework for estimating causal effects under interference between units, motivated by challenges that arise in analyzing experiments on social networks. The framework integrates three components:…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-21 Peter M. Aronow , Cyrus Samii

Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is vital for scientific and policy research. However, identifying and evaluating heterogeneous treatment effects pose significant challenges due to the typically unknown subgroup structure.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-05 Kwangho Kim , Jisu Kim , Larry A. Wasserman , Edward H. Kennedy

Estimating the conditional average treatment effects (CATE) is very important in causal inference and has a wide range of applications across many fields. In the estimation process of CATE, the unconfoundedness assumption is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Pengfei Shi , Wei Zhong , Xinyu Zhang , Ningtao Wang , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang , Yin Jin

Individual Treatment Effects (ITE) estimation methods have risen in popularity in the last years. Most of the time, individual effects are better presented as Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATE). Recently, representation balancing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-30 Ayoub Abraich , Agathe Guilloux , Blaise Hanczar

We systematically investigate issues due to mis-specification that arise in estimating causal effects when (treatment) interference is informed by a network available pre-intervention, i.e., in situations where the outcome of a unit may…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-22 Vishesh Karwa , Edoardo M. Airoldi

Inferring treatment effects on a survival time outcome based on data from an observational study is challenging due to the presence of censoring and possible confounding. An additional challenge occurs when a unit's treatment affects the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-13 Chanhwa Lee , Donglin Zeng , Michael Emch , John D. Clemens , Michael G. Hudgens

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) of interventions. One use of RCTs is to study the causes of global poverty -- a subject explicitly cited in the 2019…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Connor T. Jerzak , Fredrik Johansson , Adel Daoud

Causal inference using observational text data is becoming increasingly popular in many research areas. This paper presents the Bayesian Topic Regression (BTR) model that uses both text and numerical information to model an outcome…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-14 Maximilian Ahrens , Julian Ashwin , Jan-Peter Calliess , Vu Nguyen

In studies of recurrent events, joint modeling approaches are often needed to allow for potential dependent censoring by a terminal event such as death. Joint frailty models for recurrent events and death with an additional dependence…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-25 Marie Böhnstedt , Jutta Gampe , Monique A. A. Caljouw , Hein Putter

Clinical trials often evaluate multiple outcome variables to form a comprehensive picture of the effects of a new treatment. The resulting multidimensional insight contributes to clinically relevant and efficient decision-making about…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-14 X. M. Kavelaars , J. Mulder , M. C. Kaptein