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Word2Vec is a prominent model for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Similar inspiration is found in distributed embeddings for new state-of-the-art (SotA) deep neural networks. However, wrong combination of hyper-parameters can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Tosin P. Adewumi , Foteini Liwicki , Marcus Liwicki

Despite the syntactic fluency of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring their logical correctness in high-stakes domains remains a fundamental challenge. We present a neurosymbolic framework that combines LLMs with SMT solvers to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Vikash Singh , Darion Cassel , Nathaniel Weir , Nick Feng , Sam Bayless

Multi-step reasoning ability is fundamental to many natural language tasks, yet it is unclear what constitutes a good reasoning chain and how to evaluate them. Most existing methods focus solely on whether the reasoning chain leads to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Archiki Prasad , Swarnadeep Saha , Xiang Zhou , Mohit Bansal

As foundation models continue to scale, the size of trained models grows exponentially, presenting significant challenges for their evaluation. Current evaluation practices involve curating increasingly large datasets to assess the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-08 Ganghua Wang , Zhaorun Chen , Bo Li , Haifeng Xu

The quality of texts generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Conventional reference-based metrics, such as BLEU and ROUGE, have been shown to have relatively low correlation with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yang Liu , Dan Iter , Yichong Xu , Shuohang Wang , Ruochen Xu , Chenguang Zhu

Explainable AI (XAI) in high-stakes domains should help stakeholders trust and verify system outputs. Yet Chain-of-Thought methods reason before concluding, and logical gaps or hallucinations can yield conclusions that do not reliably align…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chen Qian , Yimeng Wang , Yu Chen , Lingfei Wu , Andreas Stathopoulos

We are currently in an era of fierce competition among various large language models (LLMs) continuously pushing the boundaries of benchmark performance. However, genuinely assessing the capabilities of these LLMs has become a challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wenhong Zhu , Hongkun Hao , Zhiwei He , Yunze Song , Yumeng Zhang , Hanxu Hu , Yiran Wei , Rui Wang , Hongyuan Lu

The rapid progress of text-to-image (T2I) models has unlocked unprecedented creative potential, yet their ability to faithfully render complex prompts involving multiple objects, attributes, and spatial relationships remains a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Rishav Pramanik , Ian E. Nielsen , Jeff Smith , Saurav Pandit , Ravi P. Ramachandran , Zhaozheng Yin

Counterfactual text generation aims to minimally change a text, such that it is classified differently. Judging advancements in method development for counterfactual text generation is hindered by a non-uniform usage of data sets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Van Bach Nguyen , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

In recent times, extracting valuable information from large text is making significant progress. Especially in the current era of social media, people expect quick bites of information. Automatic text summarization seeks to tackle this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Sindhu Nair , Y. S. Rao , Radha Shankarmani

Word sense plausibility rating requires predicting the human-perceived plausibility of a given word sense on a 1-5 scale in the context of short narrative stories containing ambiguous homonyms. This paper systematically compares three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tong Wu , Thanet Markchom , Huizhi Liang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve into the core of Web-based autonomous agents and complex Web Information Systems, their ability to faithfully translate natural language into rigorous structured formats has become paramount, as this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Boxiang Zhao , Qince Li , Zhonghao Wang , Zelin Cao , Yi Wang , Peng Cheng , Bo Lin

Each language has its own complex systems of word, phrase, and sentence construction, the guiding principles of which are often summarized in grammar descriptions for the consumption of linguists or language learners. However, manual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Aditi Chaudhary , Zaid Sheikh , David R Mortensen , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

Explainable artificial intelligence is proposed to provide explanations for reasoning performed by an Artificial Intelligence. There is no consensus on how to evaluate the quality of these explanations, since even the definition of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Iván Sevillano-García , Julián Luengo-Martín , Francisco Herrera

Autoformalization, which translates natural language mathematics into machine-verifiable formal statements, is critical for using formal mathematical reasoning to solve math problems stated in natural language. While Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Guoxin Chen , Jing Wu , Xinjie Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ruihua Song , Chengxi Li , Kai Fan , Dayiheng Liu , Minpeng Liao

Conversation is the most natural form of human communication, where each utterance can range over a variety of possible emotions. While significant work has been done towards the detection of emotions in text, relatively little work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Suyash Vardhan Mathur , Akshett Rai Jindal , Hardik Mittal , Manish Shrivastava

Various tasks, such as summarization, multi-hop question answering, or coreference resolution, are naturally phrased over collections of real-world documents. Such tasks present a unique set of challenges, revolving around the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Gili Lior , Avi Caciularu , Arie Cattan , Shahar Levy , Ori Shapira , Gabriel Stanovsky

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks, including Argument Summarization (ArgSum), a key subfield of Argument Mining. This paper investigates the integration of state-of-the-art LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Moritz Altemeyer , Steffen Eger , Johannes Daxenberger , Yanran Chen , Tim Altendorf , Philipp Cimiano , Benjamin Schiller

Sentence extraction based summarization methods has some limitations as it doesn't go into the semantics of the document. Also, it lacks the capability of sentence generation which is intuitive to humans. Here we present a novel method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-06-06 Divyanshu Bhartiya , Ashudeep Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in automatic evaluation methods for summarization, offering a faster, more cost-effective alternative to human evaluation. However, existing methods often fall short when applied to complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Ziwei Gong , Lin Ai , Harshsaiprasad Deshpande , Alexander Johnson , Emmy Phung , Zehui Wu , Ahmad Emami , Julia Hirschberg