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In recent years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) models have achieved phenomenal success in linguistic and semantic tasks like text classification, machine translation, cognitive dialogue systems, information retrieval via Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Sushant Singh , Ausif Mahmood

In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the models used for information retrieval in the first and second stages of the typical processing chain. We discuss the current state-of-the-art models, including methods based on terms,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Kailash A. Hambarde , Hugo Proenca

A wide range of transformer-based language models have been proposed for information retrieval tasks. However, including transformer-based models in retrieval pipelines is often complex and requires substantial engineering effort. In this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Ferdinand Schlatt , Maik Fröbe , Matthias Hagen

In recent years some researchers have explored the use of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms as key components in the solution of various natural language processing tasks. For instance, some of these algorithms leveraging deep neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Victor Uc-Cetina , Nicolas Navarro-Guerrero , Anabel Martin-Gonzalez , Cornelius Weber , Stefan Wermter

With rise of digital age, there is an explosion of information in the form of news, articles, social media, and so on. Much of this data lies in unstructured form and manually managing and effectively making use of it is tedious, boring and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Sonit Singh

Extracting the relevant information out of a large number of documents is a challenging and tedious task. The quality of results generated by the traditionally available full-text search engine and text-based image retrieval systems is not…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Riya Gupta , C. V. Jawahar

In the NLP community, recent years have seen a surge of research activities that address machines' ability to perform deep language understanding which goes beyond what is explicitly stated in text, rather relying on reasoning and knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Shane Storks , Qiaozi Gao , Joyce Y. Chai

Neural networks provide new possibilities to automatically learn complex language patterns and query-document relations. Neural IR models have achieved promising results in learning query-document relevance patterns, but few explorations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Zhuyun Dai , Jamie Callan

Deep Learning and Machine Learning based models have become extremely popular in text processing and information retrieval. However, the non-linear structures present inside the networks make these models largely inscrutable. A significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sourav Saha , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra

Automated detection of semantically equivalent questions in longitudinal social science surveys is crucial for long-term studies informing empirical research in the social, economic, and health sciences. Retrieving equivalent questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wing Yan Li , Zeqiang Wang , Jon Johnson , Suparna De

Large, pre-trained transformer-based language models such as BERT have drastically changed the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field. We present a survey of recent work that uses these large language models to solve NLP tasks via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Bonan Min , Hayley Ross , Elior Sulem , Amir Pouran Ben Veyseh , Thien Huu Nguyen , Oscar Sainz , Eneko Agirre , Ilana Heinz , Dan Roth

Natural Language Processing (NLP) helps empower intelligent machines by enhancing a better understanding of the human language for linguistic-based human-computer communication. Recent developments in computational power and the advent of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Amirsina Torfi , Rouzbeh A. Shirvani , Yaser Keneshloo , Nader Tavaf , Edward A. Fox

Information retrieval systems are crucial for enabling effective access to large document collections. Recent approaches have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance retrieval performance through query augmentation, but often rely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pengcheng Jiang , Jiacheng Lin , Lang Cao , Runchu Tian , SeongKu Kang , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

Recent developments in deep learning have led to a significant innovation in various classic and practical subjects, including speech recognition, computer vision, question answering, information retrieval and so on. In the context of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Li-Phen Yen , Zhen-Yu Wu , Kuan-Yu Chen

This paper highlights the significance of natural language processing (NLP) within artificial intelligence, underscoring its pivotal role in comprehending and modeling human language. Recent advancements in NLP, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Vlad-Cristian Matei , Iulian-Marius Tăiatu , Răzvan-Alexandru Smădu , Dumitru-Clementin Cercel

We introduce iterative retrieval, a novel framework that empowers retrievers to make iterative decisions through policy optimization. Finding an optimal portfolio of retrieved items is a combinatorial optimization problem, generally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yunmo Chen , Tongfei Chen , Harsh Jhamtani , Patrick Xia , Richard Shin , Jason Eisner , Benjamin Van Durme

Reranking is a critical stage in contemporary information retrieval (IR) systems, improving the relevance of the user-presented final results by honing initial candidate sets. This paper is a thorough guide to examine the changing reranker…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Tejul Pandit , Sakshi Mahendru , Meet Raval , Dhvani Upadhyay

Information Retrieval (IR) models need to deal with two difficult issues, vocabulary mismatch and term dependencies. Vocabulary mismatch corresponds to the difficulty of retrieving relevant documents that do not contain exact query terms…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-10-07 Benjamin Piwowarski , Sylvain Lamprier , Nicolas Despres

Information retrieval (IR) is essential in search engines and dialogue systems as well as natural language processing tasks such as open-domain question answering. IR serve an important function in the biomedical domain, where content and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Man Luo , Arindam Mitra , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral

The research field of Information Retrieval (IR) has evolved significantly, expanding beyond traditional search to meet diverse user information needs. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in…