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Predicting the secondary structure of RNA is a core challenge in computational biology, essential for understanding molecular function and designing novel therapeutics. The field has evolved from foundational but accuracy-limited…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-20 Giuseppe Sacco , Giovanni Bussi , Guido Sanguinetti

Artificial RNA molecules with novel functionality have many applications in synthetic biology, pharmacy and white biotechnology. The de novo design of such devices using computational methods and prediction tools is a resource-efficient…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-13 Stefan Hammer , Christian Günzel , Mario Mörl , Sven Findeiß

mRNA technology has revolutionized vaccine development, protein replacement therapies, and cancer immunotherapies, offering rapid production and precise control over sequence and efficacy. However, the inherent instability of mRNA poses…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-26 Max Ward , Mary Richardson , Mihir Metkar

The design of multi-stable RNA molecules has important applications in biology, medicine, and biotechnology. Synthetic design approaches profit strongly from effective in-silico methods, which can tremendously impact their cost and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-06-24 Stefan Hammer , Yann Ponty , Wei Wang , Sebastian Will

RNA co-transcriptionality, where RNA is spliced or folded during transcription from DNA templates, offers promising potential for molecular programming. It enables programmable folding of nano-scale RNA structures and has recently been…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Da-Jung Cho , Szilárd Zsolt Fazekas , Shinnosuke Seki , Max Wiedenhöft

The growing significance of RNA engineering in diverse biological applications has spurred interest in developing AI methods for structure-based RNA design. While diffusion models have excelled in protein design, adapting them for RNA…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-11 Divya Nori , Wengong Jin

Artificial neural network (NN) architecture design is a nontrivial and time-consuming task that often requires a high level of human expertise. Neural architecture search (NAS) serves to automate the design of NN architectures and has…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Reinhard Booysen , Anna Sergeevna Bosman

Rising costs in recent years of developing new drugs and treatments have led to extensive research in optimization techniques in biomolecular design. Currently, the most widely used approach in biomolecular design is directed evolution,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Alexander Whatley , Zhekun Luo , Xiangru Tang

RNA is a fundamental class of biomolecules that mediate a large variety of molecular processes within the cell. Computational algorithms can be of great help in the understanding of RNA structure-function relationship. One of the main…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-02-20 Sandro Bottaro , Francesco Di Palma , Giovanni Bussi

Messenger RNA-based medicines hold immense potential, as evidenced by their rapid deployment as COVID-19 vaccines. However, worldwide distribution of mRNA molecules has been limited by their thermostability, which is fundamentally limited…

Our work is concerned with the generation and targeted design of RNA, a type of genetic macromolecule that can adopt complex structures which influence their cellular activities and functions. The design of large scale and complex…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-02 Zichao Yan , William L. Hamilton , Mathieu Blanchette

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

The RNA Inverse Folding problem comes from computational biology. The goal is to find a molecule that has a given folding. It is important for scientific fields such as bioengineering, pharmaceutical research, biochemistry, synthetic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Tristan Cazenave , Thomas Fournier

Artificial synthesis of DNA molecules is an essential part of the study of biological mechanisms. The design of a synthetic DNA molecule usually involves many objectives. One of the important objectives is to eliminate short sequence…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-08-13 Zehavit Leibovich , Ilan Gronau

While RNA technologies hold immense therapeutic potential in a range of applications from vaccination to gene editing, the broad implementation of these technologies is hindered by the challenge of delivering these agents effectively. Lipid…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-30 Daisy Yi Ding , Yuhui Zhang , Yuan Jia , Jiuzhi Sun

An RNA sequence is a word over an alphabet on four elements $\{A,C,G,U\}$ called bases. RNA sequences fold into secondary structures where some bases match one another while others remain unpaired. Pseudoknot-free secondary structures can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Édouard Bonnet , Paweł Rzążewski , Florian Sikora

The RNA inverse folding problem, a key challenge in RNA design, involves identifying nucleotide sequences that can fold into desired secondary structures, which are critical for ensuring molecular stability and function. The inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Guang Yang , Lei Fan

Designing therapeutic messenger RNA (mRNA) requires creating full-length transcripts that carefully balance stability, translation efficiency, and immune safety. To address this challenge, we propose ProMORNA, a multi-objective generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zixi Shao , Tao Wang , Yibei Xiao , Tianyi Huang

RNA function is tied to secondary structure, operating through dynamic and heterogeneous structural ensembles. While current analysis tools typically output single static structures or averaged contact maps, chemical probing methods like…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-20 Giuseppe Sacco , Jianhui Li , Redmond P. Smyth , Guido Sanguinetti , Giovanni Bussi

Mathematical theory shows us that multilayer feedforward Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) are universal function approximators, capable of approximating any measurable function to any desired degree of accuracy. In practice designing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Philip Colangelo , Oren Segal , Alexander Speicher , Martin Margala