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Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have been widely deployed in a wide range of applications in the real world, including healthcare diagnostics, financial analysis, customer support, robotics, and autonomous driving,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenrui Xu , Keshab K. Parhi

Modern life has witnessed the explosion of mobile devices. However, besides the valuable features that bring convenience to end users, security and privacy risks still threaten users of mobile apps. The increasing sophistication of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tran Thanh Lam Nguyen , Barbara Carminati , Elena Ferrari

Nowadays, large language models (LLMs) have been integrated with conventional recommendation models to improve recommendation performance. However, while most of the existing works have focused on improving the model performance, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Sichun Luo , Wei Shao , Yuxuan Yao , Jian Xu , Mingyang Liu , Qintong Li , Bowei He , Maolin Wang , Guanzhi Deng , Hanxu Hou , Xinyi Zhang , Linqi Song

Recent developments in language modeling have increased their use in various applications and domains. Language models, often trained on sensitive data, can memorize and disclose this information during privacy attacks, raising concerns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Pritilata Saha , Abhirup Sinha

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various domains, including Web search, healthcare, and software development. However, as these models scale, they become more vulnerable to cybersecurity risks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qin Liu , Wenjie Mo , Terry Tong , Jiashu Xu , Fei Wang , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

While recent research increasingly showcases the remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), it is equally crucial to examine their associated risks. Among these, privacy and security vulnerabilities are particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ali Satvaty , Suzan Verberne , Fatih Turkmen

With the widespread application of large language models (LLMs), user privacy protection has become a significant research topic. Existing privacy preference modeling methods often rely on large-scale user data, making effective privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Haowei Yang , Qingyi Lu , Yang Wang , Sibei Liu , Jiayun Zheng , Ao Xiang

The recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly expanded their applications across various fields such as language generation, summarization, and complex question answering. However, their application to privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yang Liu , Xichou Zhu , Zhou Shen , Yi Liu , Min Li , Yujun Chen , Benzi John , Zhenzhen Ma , Tao Hu , Zhi Li , Bolong Yang , Manman Wang , Zongxing Xie , Peng Liu , Dan Cai , Junhui Wang

While open Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress, they still fall short of matching the performance of their closed, proprietary counterparts, making the latter attractive even for the use on highly private data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Vincent Hanke , Tom Blanchard , Franziska Boenisch , Iyiola Emmanuel Olatunji , Michael Backes , Adam Dziedzic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), offering transformative capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, with their rising prominence, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Arijit Ghosh Chowdhury , Md Mofijul Islam , Vaibhav Kumar , Faysal Hossain Shezan , Vaibhav Kumar , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated significant proficiency in solving a wide range of general natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Researchers have observed a direct correlation between the performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Kennedy Edemacu , Xintao Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their tendency to memorize training data poses significant privacy risks, particularly during fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

The rapid development and deployment of large language models (LLMs) have introduced a new frontier in artificial intelligence, marked by unprecedented capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, the increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Dan Shi , Tianhao Shen , Yufei Huang , Zhigen Li , Yongqi Leng , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Xinwei Wu , Zishan Guo , Linhao Yu , Ling Shi , Bojian Jiang , Deyi Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly become key components in various AI applications, understanding their security vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of defense mechanisms is crucial. This survey examines the security challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Frank Weizhen Liu , Chenhui Hu

The rapid development of language models (LMs) brings unprecedented accessibility and usage for both models and users. On the one hand, powerful LMs achieve state-of-the-art performance over numerous downstream NLP tasks. On the other hand,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoran Li , Dadi Guo , Donghao Li , Wei Fan , Qi Hu , Xin Liu , Chunkit Chan , Duanyi Yao , Yuan Yao , Yangqiu Song

Large language model (LLM) services have been rapidly integrated into people's daily lives as chatbots and agentic systems. They are nourished by collecting rich streams of data, raising privacy concerns around excessive collection of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhen Tao , Shidong Pan , Zhenchang Xing , Emily Black , Talia Gillis , Chunyang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and its competitors have caused a revolution in natural language processing, but their capabilities also introduce new security vulnerabilities. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across multilingual applications that handle sensitive data, yet their scale and linguistic variability introduce major privacy risks. Mostly evaluated for English, this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Abhishek K. Mishra , Antoine Boutet , Lucas Magnana

The emergence of large language models (LLMs), and their increased use in user-facing systems, has led to substantial privacy concerns. To date, research on these privacy concerns has been model-centered: exploring how LLMs lead to privacy…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tianshi Li , Sauvik Das , Hao-Ping Lee , Dakuo Wang , Bingsheng Yao , Zhiping Zhang