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Image-text retrieval is a central problem for understanding the semantic relationship between vision and language, and serves as the basis for various visual and language tasks. Most previous works either simply learn coarse-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Chong Liu , Yuqi Zhang , Hongsong Wang , Weihua Chen , Fan Wang , Yan Huang , Yi-Dong Shen , Liang Wang

Task-oriented semantic communications (TSC) enhance radio resource efficiency by transmitting task-relevant semantic information. However, current research often overlooks the inherent semantic distinctions among encoded features. Due to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Shuai Lyu , Yao Sun , Linke Guo , Xiaoyong Yuan , Fang Fang , Lan Zhang , Xianbin Wang

Token-based video representation has emerged as a promising approach for enabling large language models (LLMs) to interpret video content. However, existing token reduction techniques, such as pruning and merging, often disrupt essential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haichao Zhang , Yun Fu

Autoregressive (AR) language models rely on causal tokenization, but extending this paradigm to vision remains non-trivial. Current visual tokenizers either flatten 2D patches into non-causal sequences or enforce heuristic orderings that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yitong Chen , Zuxuan Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Current approaches for restoration of degraded images face a trade-off: high-performance models are slow for practical use, while fast models produce poor results. Knowledge distillation transfers teacher knowledge to students, but existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Shourya Verma , Mengbo Wang , Nadia Atallah Lanman , Ananth Grama

Low-resolution image representation is a special form of sparse representation that retains only low-frequency information while discarding high-frequency components. This property reduces storage and transmission costs and benefits various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chenglong Bao , Tongyao Pang , Zuowei Shen , Dihan Zheng , Yihang Zou

Vision transformers have been widely explored in various vision tasks. Due to heavy computational cost, much interest has aroused for compressing vision transformer dynamically in the aspect of tokens. Current methods mainly pay attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Fanhu Zeng , Deli Yu , Zhenglun Kong , Hao Tang

Recently, deep learning-enabled joint-source channel coding (JSCC) has received increasing attention due to its great success in image transmission. However, most existing JSCC studies only focus on single-input single-output (SISO)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Guangyi Zhang , Qiyu Hu , Yunlong Cai , Guanding Yu

Ultra-high-definition (UHD) image restoration is vital for applications demanding exceptional visual fidelity, yet existing methods often face a trade-off between restoration quality and efficiency, limiting their practical deployment. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Xin Su , Chen Wu , Zhuoran Zheng

Unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) aim to unify image understanding and image generation within a single framework, where a shared visual tokenizer serves as the sole interface that maps high-dimensional images into a limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Lv Tang , Tianyi Zheng , Bo Li , Xingyu Li

Efficient tokenization of videos remains a challenge in training vision models that can process long videos. One promising direction is to develop a tokenizer that can encode long video clips, as it would enable the tokenizer to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Huiwon Jang , Sihyun Yu , Jinwoo Shin , Pieter Abbeel , Younggyo Seo

This paper proposes a fundamentally new paradigm for image generation through set-based tokenization and distribution modeling. Unlike conventional methods that serialize images into fixed-position latent codes with a uniform compression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Zigang Geng , Mengde Xu , Han Hu , Shuyang Gu

Diffusion-based image compression has shown remarkable potential for achieving ultra-low bitrate coding (less than 0.05 bits per pixel) with high realism, by leveraging the generative priors of large pre-trained text-to-image diffusion…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-30 Tianyu Zhang , Xin Luo , Li Li , Dong Liu

Tokens are becoming the basic units through which foundation models represent and process information for understanding and inference. However, traditional wireless communication, centered on bit-level fidelity, faces a mismatch between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sige Liu , Kezhi Wang

The rapid success of Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) often depends on the high-resolution images with abundant visual tokens, which hinders training and deployment efficiency. Current training-free visual token compression methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jianjian Li , Junquan Fan , Feng Tang , Gang Huang , Shitao Zhu , Songlin Liu , Nian Xie , Wulong Liu , Yong Liao

Typical video modeling methods, such as LLava, represent videos as sequences of visual tokens, which are then processed by the LLM backbone for effective video understanding. However, this approach leads to a massive number of visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Hongzhi Zhang , Jingyuan Zhang , Xingguang Ji , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang

Token-based semantic communication is promising for future wireless networks, as it can compact semantic tokens under very limited channel capacity. However, harsh wireless channels often cause missing tokens, leading to severe distortion…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Jingzhi Hu , Geoffrey Ye Li

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models are effective at producing semantically aligned images, but their reliance on training data distributions limits their ability to synthesize truly novel, out-of-distribution concepts. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Fu Feng , Yucheng Xie , Xu Yang , Jing Wang , Xin Geng

Visual tokenization via auto-encoding empowers state-of-the-art image and video generative models by compressing pixels into a latent space. Although scaling Transformer-based generators has been central to recent advances, the tokenizer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Philippe Hansen-Estruch , David Yan , Ching-Yao Chung , Orr Zohar , Jialiang Wang , Tingbo Hou , Tao Xu , Sriram Vishwanath , Peter Vajda , Xinlei Chen

Speech tokenizers are foundational to speech language models, yet existing approaches face two major challenges: (1) balancing trade-offs between encoding semantics for understanding and acoustics for reconstruction, and (2) achieving low…