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We study three convolutions of polynomials in the context of free probability theory. We prove that these convolutions can be written as the expected characteristic polynomials of sums and products of unitarily invariant random matrices.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-04 Adam Marcus , Daniel A. Spielman , Nikhil Srivastava

Finite free convolutions, $\boxplus_d$ and $\boxtimes_d$, are binary operations on polynomials of degree $d$ that are central to finite free probability, a developing field at the intersection of free probability and the geometry of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-22 Katsunori Fujie

Initiated by a result of Gorin and Marcus [Int. Math. Res. Not., (3):883--913, 2020] and an observation of Steinerberger [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 147(11):4733--4744, 2019], there has been a recent growing body of literature connecting…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Andrew Campbell

We examine two binary operations on the set of algebraic polynomials, known as multiplicative and additive finite free convolutions, specifically in the context of hypergeometric polynomials. We show that the representation of a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-05-03 Andrei Martinez-Finkelshtein , Rafael Morales , Daniel Perales

Given two polynomials $p(x), q(x)$ of degree $d$, we give a combinatorial formula for the finite free cumulants of $p(x)\boxtimes_d q(x)$. We show that this formula admits a topological expansion in terms of non-crossing multi-annular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Octavio Arizmendi , Jorge Garza-Vargas , Daniel Perales

We consider the three finite free convolutions for polynomials studied in a recent paper by Marcus, Spielman, and Srivastava. Each can be described either by direct explicit formulae or in terms of operations on randomly rotated matrices.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-02 Jacob Campbell , Zhi Yin

We present a simplified explanation of why free fractional convolution corresponds to the differentiation of polynomials, by finding how the finite free cumulants of a polynomial behave under differentiation. This approach allows us to…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Octavio Arizmendi , Katsunori Fujie , Daniel Perales , Yuki Ueda

We study in detail the class of even polynomials and their behavior with respect to finite free convolutions. To this end, we use some specific hypergeometric polynomials and a variation of the rectangular finite free convolution to…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Jacob Campbell , Rafael Morales , Daniel Perales

We introduce a finite version of free probability and show the link between recent results using polynomial convolutions and the traditional theory of free probability. One tool for accomplishing this is a seemingly new transformation that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Adam W. Marcus

We extend the free convolution of Brown measures of $R$-diagonal elements introduced by K\"{o}sters and Tikhomirov [Probab. Math. Statist. 38 (2018), no. 2, 359--384] to fractional powers. We then show how this fractional free convolution…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-18 Andrew Campbell , Sean O'Rourke , David Renfrew

This work proposes algorithms for computing additive and multiplicative free convolutions of two given measures. We consider measures with compact support whose free convolution results in a measure with a density function that exhibits a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-04 Alice Cortinovis , Lexing Ying

Given a sequence of real rooted polynomials $\{p_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ with a fixed asymptotic root distribution, we study the asymptotic root distribution of the repeated polar derivatives of this sequence. This limiting distribution can be seen…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Daniel Perales , Zhiyuan Yang

Higher order free moments and cumulants, introduced by Collins, Mingo, \'Sniady and Speicher in 2006, describe the fluctuations of unitarily invariant random matrices in the limit of infinite size. The functional relations between their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Luca Lionni

We define an extension of the polynomial calculus on a W*-probability space by introducing an abstract algebra which contains polynomials. This extension allows us to define transition operators for additive and multiplicative free…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-09-11 Guillaume Cébron

The extension $k \mapsto \mu^{\boxplus k}$ of the concept of a free convolution power to the case of non-integer $k \geq 1$ was introduced by Bercovici-Voiculescu and Nica-Speicher, and related to the minor process in random matrix theory.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-10 Dimitri Shlyakhtenko , Terence Tao. With an appendix by David Jekel

We give an analytical approach to the definition of additive and multiplicative free convolutions which is based on the theory of Nevanlinna and of Schur functions. We consider the set of probability distributions as a semigroup $\bold M$…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2010-10-12 G. Chistyakov , F. Götze

We consider two extensions of free probability that have been studied in the research literature, and are based on the notions of c-freeness and respectively of infinitesimal freeness for noncommutative random variables. In a 2012 paper,…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Maxime Fevrier , Mitja Mastnak , Alexandru Nica , Kamil Szpojankowski

The free convolution is the binary operation on the set of probability measures on the real line which allows to deduce, from the individual spectral distributions, the spectral distribution of a sum of independent unitarily invariant…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-06-05 Serban Belinschi , Florent Benaych-Georges , Alice Guionnet

In a recent paper, Br\"and\'en, Krasikov, and Shapiro consider root location preservation properties of finite difference operators. To this end, the authors describe a natural polynomial convolution operator and conjecture that it…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2017-12-08 Jonathan Leake , Nick Ryder

Debbah and Ryan have recently proved a result about the limit empirical singular distribution of the sum of two rectangular random matrices whose dimensions tend to infinity. In this paper, we reformulate it in terms of the rectangular free…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-07-04 Florent Benaych-Georges
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