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Deep neural network models degrade significantly in the long-tailed data distribution, with the overall training data dominated by a small set of classes in the head, and the tail classes obtaining less training examples. Addressing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Brainard Philemon Jagati , Jitendra Tembhurne , Harsh Goud , Rudra Pratap Singh , Chandrashekhar Meshram

Recently, Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), which connects the geometry of the loss landscape and generalization, has demonstrated significant performance boosts on training large-scale models such as vision transformers. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Yong Liu , Siqi Mai , Xiangning Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Yang You

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has recently emerged as a robust technique for improving the accuracy of deep neural networks. However, SAM incurs a high computational cost in practice, requiring up to twice as much computation as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Renkun Ni , Ping-yeh Chiang , Jonas Geiping , Micah Goldblum , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Tom Goldstein

Real-world datasets exhibit imbalances of varying types and degrees. Several techniques based on re-weighting and margin adjustment of loss are often used to enhance the performance of neural networks, particularly on minority classes. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Harsh Rangwani , Sumukh K Aithal , Mayank Mishra , R. Venkatesh Babu

Long-tailed image classification remains a long-standing challenge, as real-world data typically follow highly imbalanced distributions where a few head classes dominate and many tail classes contain only limited samples. This imbalance…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ziquan Zhu , Gaojie Jin , Hanruo Zhu , Si-Yuan Lu , Yunxiao Zhang , Zeyu Fu , Ronghui Mu , Guoqiang Zhang , Zhao Sun , Xia Yuhang , Jiaxing Shang , Xiang Li , Lu Liu , Tianjin Huang

Long-tailed image recognition presents massive challenges to deep learning systems since the imbalance between majority (head) classes and minority (tail) classes severely skews the data-driven deep neural networks. Previous methods tackle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yue Xu , Yong-Lu Li , Jiefeng Li , Cewu Lu

Overparametrized Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) often achieve astounding performances, but may potentially result in severe generalization error. Recently, the relation between the sharpness of the loss landscape and the generalization error…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Jiawei Du , Hanshu Yan , Jiashi Feng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Liangli Zhen , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Vincent Y. F. Tan

The difficulty of the fine-grained image classification mainly comes from a shared overall appearance across classes. Thus, recognizing discriminative details, such as eyes and beaks for birds, is a key in the task. However, this is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 SuBeen Lee , WonJun Moon , Hyun Seok Seong , Jae-Pil Heo

Deep classifiers have achieved great success in visual recognition. However, real-world data is long-tailed by nature, leading to the mismatch between training and testing distributions. In this paper, we show that the Softmax function,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Jiawei Ren , Cunjun Yu , Shunan Sheng , Xiao Ma , Haiyu Zhao , Shuai Yi , Hongsheng Li

Class imbalance is a common issue in real-world data distributions, negatively impacting the training of accurate classifiers. Traditional approaches to mitigate this problem fall into three main categories: class re-balancing, information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Zhiwei Yao

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a recent optimization framework aiming to improve the deep neural network generalization, through obtaining flatter (i.e. less sharp) solutions. As SAM has been numerically successful, recent papers…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-22 Kayhan Behdin , Rahul Mazumder

The fine-tuning paradigm has emerged as a prominent approach for addressing long-tail learning tasks in the era of foundation models. However, the impact of fine-tuning strategies on long-tail learning performance remains unexplored. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Jiang-Xin Shi , Tong Wei , Yu-Feng Li

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) aims to improve generalization by minimizing a worst-case perturbed loss over a small neighborhood of model parameters. However, during training, its optimization behavior does not always align with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hongru Duan , Yongle Chen , Lei Guan

In this work, we tackle the challenging problem of long-tailed image recognition. Previous long-tailed recognition approaches mainly focus on data augmentation or re-balancing strategies for the tail classes to give them more attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Weide Liu , Zhonghua Wu , Yiming Wang , Henghui Ding , Fayao Liu , Jie Lin , Guosheng Lin

Convolutional neural networks have achieved great improvement on face recognition in recent years because of its extraordinary ability in learning discriminative features of people with different identities. To train such a well-designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Xiao Zhang , Zhiyuan Fang , Yandong Wen , Zhifeng Li , Yu Qiao

Long-tailed data is a special type of multi-class imbalanced data with a very large amount of minority/tail classes that have a very significant combined influence. Long-tailed learning aims to build high-performance models on datasets with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Chongsheng Zhang , George Almpanidis , Gaojuan Fan , Binquan Deng , Yanbo Zhang , Ji Liu , Aouaidjia Kamel , Paolo Soda , João Gama

Real-world datasets follow an imbalanced distribution, which poses significant challenges in rare-category object detection. Recent studies tackle this problem by developing re-weighting and re-sampling methods, that utilise the class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Konstantinos Panagiotis Alexandridis , Ismail Elezi , Jiankang Deng , Anh Nguyen , Shan Luo

Few-shot learning (FSL) aims to learn novel visual categories from very few samples, which is a challenging problem in real-world applications. Many methods of few-shot classification work well on general images to learn global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Xiaojian He , Jinfu Lin , Junming Shen

Main challenges in long-tailed recognition come from the imbalanced data distribution and sample scarcity in its tail classes. While techniques have been proposed to achieve a more balanced training loss and to improve tail classes data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Bo Liu , Haoxiang Li , Hao Kang , Nuno Vasconcelos , Gang Hua

Few-shot segmentation (FSS) aims to segment new classes using few annotated images. While recent FSS methods have shown considerable improvements by leveraging Segment Anything Model (SAM), they face two critical limitations: insufficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Shuai Chen , Fanman Meng , Liming Lei , Haoran Wei , Chenhao Wu , Qingbo Wu , Linfeng Xu , Hongliang Li