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Generating plans of action, and reasoning about change have long been considered a core competence of intelligent agents. It is thus no surprise that evaluating the planning and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Karthik Valmeekam , Matthew Marquez , Alberto Olmo , Sarath Sreedharan , Subbarao Kambhampati

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into autonomous driving motion planning has recently emerged as a promising direction, offering enhanced interpretability, better controllability, and improved generalization in rare and long-tail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhipeng Tang , Sha Zhang , Jiajun Deng , Chenjie Wang , Guoliang You , Yuting Huang , Xinrui Lin , Yanyong Zhang

Large language model (LLM) based task plans and corresponding human demonstrations for embodied AI may be noisy, with unnecessary actions, redundant navigation, and logical errors that reduce policy quality. We propose an iterative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ananth Hariharan , Vardhan Dongre , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal extensions (MLLMs) have substantially enhanced machine reasoning across diverse tasks. However, these models predominantly rely on pure text as the medium for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yi Xu , Chengzu Li , Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Caiqi Zhang , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Embodied planning requires agents to make coherent multi-step decisions based on dynamic visual observations and natural language goals. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static perception tasks, they struggle with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Di Wu , Jiaxin Fan , Junzhe Zang , Guanbo Wang , Wei Yin , Wenhao Li , Bo Jin

A line of work in planning uses LLM not to generate a plan, but to generate a formal representation in some planning language, which can be input into a symbolic solver to deterministically find a plan. While showing improved trust and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Prabhu Prakash Kagitha , Bo Sun , Ishan Desai , Andrew Zhu , Cassie Huang , Manling Li , Ziyang Li , Li Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization abilities: state-of-the-art chatbots can provide plausible answers to many common questions that arise in daily life. However, so far, LLMs cannot reliably…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Bo Liu , Yuqian Jiang , Xiaohan Zhang , Qiang Liu , Shiqi Zhang , Joydeep Biswas , Peter Stone

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization capabilities across tasks and languages, revolutionizing natural language processing. This paper investigates the naturally emerging representation alignment in LLMs,…

Large Language Models have been found to create plans that are neither executable nor verifiable in grounded environments. An emerging line of work demonstrates success in using the LLM as a formalizer to generate a formal representation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Cassie Huang , Li Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of natural language processing tasks and can be adapted through prompting. However, they remain suboptimal in multi-turn interactions, often relying on incorrect…

Language model (LM) pre-training is useful in many language processing tasks. But can pre-trained LMs be further leveraged for more general machine learning problems? We propose an approach for using LMs to scaffold learning and…

Procedural planning, which entails decomposing a high-level goal into a sequence of temporally ordered steps, is an important yet intricate task for machines. It involves integrating common-sense knowledge to reason about complex and often…

Growing attention to intelligent agents has put a spotlight on one of their central capabilities: planning. Early attempts to leverage large language models (LLMs) for planning relied on single-shot plan generation, followed by hybrid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Michael Katz , Harsha Kokel , Kavitha Srinivas , Shirin Sohrabi

In-Context Learning (ICL) allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks with just a few examples, but their predictions often suffer from systematic biases, leading to unstable performance in classification. While calibration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Korel Gundem , Juncheng Dong , Dennis Zhang , Vahid Tarokh , Zhengling Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as planners for embodied AI, but their stochastic nature lacks formal reasoning, preventing strict safety guarantees for physical deployment. Current approaches often rely on unreliable LLMs for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Feiyu Wu , Xu Zheng , Yue Qu , Zhuocheng Wang , Zicheng Feng , Hui Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise as robotic planners but often struggle with long-horizon and complex tasks, especially in specialized environments requiring external knowledge. While hierarchical planning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Cristina Cornelio , Flavio Petruzzellis , Pietro Lio

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Effective planning is essential for the success of any task, from organizing a vacation to routing autonomous vehicles and developing corporate strategies. It involves setting goals, formulating plans, and allocating resources to achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haoming Li , Zhaoliang Chen , Jonathan Zhang , Fei Liu

Self-correction in language models remains elusive. In this work, we explore whether language models can explicitly localize errors in incorrect reasoning, as a path toward building AI systems that can effectively correct themselves. We…

We propose a novel architecture for integrating large language models (LLMs) with a persistent, interactive Lisp environment. This setup enables LLMs to define, invoke, and evolve their own tools through programmatic interaction with a live…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jordi de la Torre