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Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generation models have transformed the field. However, challenges persist in generating images that reflect demanding textual descriptions, especially for fine-grained details and unusual…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ran Li , Xiaomeng Jin , Heng ji

Text-to-image diffusion models have been adopted into key commercial workflows, such as art generation and image editing. Characterising the implicit social biases they exhibit, such as gender and racial stereotypes, is a necessary first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Adhithya Prakash Saravanan , Rafal Kocielnik , Roy Jiang , Pengrui Han , Anima Anandkumar

Diffusion models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in synthesizing diverse content. However, despite their high-quality outputs, these models often perpetuate social biases, including those related to gender and race. These biases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yingdong Shi , Changming Li , Yifan Wang , Yongxiang Zhao , Anqi Pang , Sibei Yang , Jingyi Yu , Kan Ren

As Text-to-Image (TTI) diffusion models become increasingly influential in content creation, growing attention is being directed toward their societal and cultural implications. While prior research has primarily examined demographic and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Maria-Teresa De Rosa Palmini , Eva Cetinic

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models can create vivid, realistic images from textual descriptions. As these models proliferate, they expose new concerns about their ability to represent diverse demographic groups, propagate stereotypes,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sangwon Jung , Alex Oesterling , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Sajani Vithana , Taesup Moon , Flavio P. Calmon

User prompts for generative AI models are often underspecified, leading to a misalignment between the user intent and models' understanding. As a result, users commonly have to painstakingly refine their prompts. We study this alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Meera Hahn , Wenjun Zeng , Nithish Kannen , Rich Galt , Kartikeya Badola , Been Kim , Zi Wang

The assessment of evaluation metrics (meta-evaluation) is crucial for determining the suitability of existing metrics in text-to-image (T2I) generation tasks. Human-based meta-evaluation is costly and time-intensive, and automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Christoph Leiter , Yuki M. Asano , Margret Keuper , Steffen Eger

Despite the impressive text-to-image (T2I) synthesis capabilities of diffusion models, they often struggle to understand compositional relationships between objects and attributes, especially in complex settings. Existing solutions have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Evans Xu Han , Linghao Jin , Xiaofeng Liu , Paul Pu Liang

We address the task of advertisement image generation and introduce three evaluation metrics to assess Creativity, prompt Alignment, and Persuasiveness (CAP) in generated advertisement images. Despite recent advancements in Text-to-Image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Aysan Aghazadeh , Adriana Kovashka

Current diversification strategies for text-to-image (T2I) models often ignore contextual appropriateness, leading to over-diversification where demographic attributes are modified even when explicitly specified in prompts. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Felix Friedrich , Thiemo Ganesha Welsch , Manuel Brack , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting

Text-to-image (TTI) diffusion models have achieved remarkable visual quality, yet they have been repeatedly shown to exhibit social biases across sensitive attributes such as gender, race and age. To mitigate these biases, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Manos Plitsis , Giorgos Bouritsas , Vassilis Katsouros , Yannis Panagakis

We provide a new multi-task benchmark for evaluating text-to-image models. We perform a human evaluation comparing the most common open-source (Stable Diffusion) and commercial (DALL-E 2) models. Twenty computer science AI graduate students…

There are not one but two dimensions of bias that can be revealed through the study of large AI models: not only bias in training data or the products of an AI, but also bias in society, such as disparity in employment or health outcomes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Marinus Ferreira

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models have gained increased popularity in the public domain. While boasting impressive user-guided generative abilities, their black-box nature exposes users to intentionally- and intrinsically-biased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have revolutionized generative modeling by producing high-fidelity, diverse, and visually realistic images from textual prompts. Despite these advances, existing models struggle with complex prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Eric Hanchen Jiang , Yasi Zhang , Zhi Zhang , Yixin Wan , Andrew Lizarraga , Shufan Li , Ying Nian Wu

Text-to-image generative AI models such as Stable Diffusion are used daily by millions worldwide. However, the extent to which these models exhibit racial and gender stereotypes is not yet fully understood. Here, we document significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Nouar AlDahoul , Talal Rahwan , Yasir Zaki

Despite the high-quality results of text-to-image generation, stereotypical biases have been spotted in their generated contents, compromising the fairness of generative models. In this work, we propose to learn adaptive inclusive tokens to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Xinyu Hou , Xiaoming Li , Chen Change Loy

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generation have enabled models to produce high-quality images from textual descriptions. However, these models often struggle with complex instructions involving multiple objects, attributes, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yucheng Zhou , Jiahao Yuan , Qianning Wang

Text-and-Image-To-Image (TI2I), an extension of Text-To-Image (T2I), integrates image inputs with textual instructions to enhance image generation. Existing methods often partially utilize image inputs, focusing on specific elements like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Teng-Fang Hsiao , Bo-Kai Ruan , Yi-Lun Wu , Tzu-Ling Lin , Hong-Han Shuai

Concept-based Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) interprets deep learning models using human-understandable visual features (e.g., textures or object parts) by linking internal representations to class predictions, thereby bridging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Giacomo Astolfi , Matteo Bianchi , Riccardo Campi , Antonio De Santis , Marco Brambilla