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Spatial understanding is a fundamental aspect of computer vision and integral for human-level reasoning about images, making it an important component for grounded language understanding. While recent text-to-image synthesis (T2I) models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Tejas Gokhale , Hamid Palangi , Besmira Nushi , Vibhav Vineet , Eric Horvitz , Ece Kamar , Chitta Baral , Yezhou Yang

A commonly used evaluation metric for text-to-image synthesis is the Inception score (IS) \cite{inceptionscore}, which has been shown to be a quality metric that correlates well with human judgment. However, IS does not reveal properties of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 William Lund Sommer , Alexandros Iosifidis

Text-to-image generative models often exhibit bias related to sensitive attributes. However, current research tends to focus narrowly on single-object prompts with limited contextual diversity. In reality, each object or attribute within a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

The progress in the generation of synthetic images has made it crucial to assess their quality. While several metrics have been proposed to assess the rendering of images, it is crucial for Text-to-Image (T2I) models, which generate images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Paul Grimal , Hervé Le Borgne , Olivier Ferret , Julien Tourille

Text-to-image generation models have achieved strong performance in culturally homogeneous settings, yet their ability to generate multicultural scenes, where people and landmarks originate from different cultures, remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Parth Bhalerao , Mounika Yalamarty , Brian Trinh , Oana Ignat

Despite remarkable progress in Text-to-Image models, many real-world applications require generating coherent image sets with diverse consistency requirements. Existing consistent methods often focus on a specific domain with specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Chengyou Jia , Xin Shen , Zhuohang Dang , Zhuohang Dang , Changliang Xia , Weijia Wu , Xinyu Zhang , Hangwei Qian , Ivor W. Tsang , Minnan Luo

We investigate bias trends in text-to-image generative models over time, focusing on the increasing availability of models through open platforms like Hugging Face. While these platforms democratize AI, they also facilitate the spread of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Text-to-image generative models often reflect the biases of the training data, leading to unequal representations of underrepresented groups. This study investigates inclusive text-to-image generative models that generate images based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Cheng Zhang , Xuanbai Chen , Siqi Chai , Chen Henry Wu , Dmitry Lagun , Thabo Beeler , Fernando De la Torre

Text-to-image diffusion models, which are theoretically equivalent to score-based generative models, generate images through a multi-step denoising process guided by text embeddings extracted from pretrained vision-language models such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Seung Hyuk Lee , Songkuk Kim

Despite significant progress in generative AI, comprehensive evaluation remains challenging because of the lack of effective metrics and standardized benchmarks. For instance, the widely-used CLIPScore measures the alignment between a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zhiqiu Lin , Deepak Pathak , Baiqi Li , Jiayao Li , Xide Xia , Graham Neubig , Pengchuan Zhang , Deva Ramanan

Evaluating text-to-image generative models remains a challenge, despite the remarkable progress being made in their overall performances. While existing metrics like CLIPScore work for coarse evaluations, they lack the sensitivity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Georgia Gabriela Sampaio , Ruixiang Zhang , Shuangfei Zhai , Jiatao Gu , Josh Susskind , Navdeep Jaitly , Yizhe Zhang

This work presents an open-source unified benchmarking and evaluation framework for text-to-image generation models, with a particular focus on the impact of metadata augmented prompts. Leveraging the DeepFashion-MultiModal dataset, we…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Kapil Wanaskar , Gaytri Jena , Magdalini Eirinaki

We propose T2I-ReasonBench, a benchmark evaluating reasoning capabilities of text-to-image (T2I) models. It consists of four dimensions: Idiom Interpretation, Textual Image Design, Entity-Reasoning and Scientific-Reasoning. We propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kaiyue Sun , Rongyao Fang , Chengqi Duan , Xian Liu , Xihui Liu

Despite advancements in text-to-image generation (T2I), prior methods often face text-image misalignment problems such as relation confusion in generated images. Existing solutions involve cross-attention manipulation for better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Leigang Qu , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Hanwang Zhang , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

The rapid development of text-to-image generation has brought rising ethical considerations, especially regarding gender bias. Given a text prompt as input, text-to-image models generate images according to the prompt. Pioneering models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yankun Wu , Yuta Nakashima , Noa Garcia

It has been shown that accurate representation in media improves the well-being of the people who consume it. By contrast, inaccurate representations can negatively affect viewers and lead to harmful perceptions of other cultures. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Zhixuan Liu , Youeun Shin , Beverley-Claire Okogwu , Youngsik Yun , Lia Coleman , Peter Schaldenbrand , Jihie Kim , Jean Oh

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation has long been an open problem, with compositional synthesis remaining particularly challenging. This task requires accurate rendering of complex scenes containing multiple objects that exhibit diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shijian Wang , Runhao Fu , Siyi Zhao , Qingqin Zhan , Xingjian Wang , Jiarui Jin , Yuan Lu , Hanqian Wu , Cunjian Chen

Text-to-Image generation has evolved from basic image synthesis into a frequently used core capability in professional creative workflows, where simple text-image alignment can no longer satisfy users' pressing demands for faithful…

Mitigating biases in generative AI and, particularly in text-to-image models, is of high importance given their growing implications in society. The biased datasets used for training pose challenges in ensuring the responsible development…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Carolina Lopez Olmos , Alexandros Neophytou , Sunando Sengupta , Dim P. Papadopoulos

Demographic bias in text-to-image (T2I) generation is well studied, yet demographic-conditioned failures in instruction-guided image-to-image (I2I) editing remain underexplored. We examine whether identical edit instructions yield…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Huichan Seo , Minki Hong , Sieun Choi , Jihie Kim , Jean Oh