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Chest X-rays play a pivotal role in diagnosing respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, which are prevalent and present unique diagnostic challenges due to overlapping visual features and variability in image…

Pediatric pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Timely and accurate diagnosis is critical but often challenged by limited radiological expertise and the physiological and procedural complexity…

Black-box deep learning approaches have showcased significant potential in the realm of medical image analysis. However, the stringent trustworthiness requirements intrinsic to the medical field have catalyzed research into the utilization…

There are a lot of hidden dangers in the change of human skin conditions, such as the sunburn caused by long-time exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which not only has aesthetic impact causing psychological depression and lack of…

Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and, in recent years, is rapidly growing in terms of the incidence worldwide rate. The most effective approach to targeted treatment is early diagnosis. Deep learning algorithms,…

Accurate skin disease classification is a critical yet challenging task due to high inter-class similarity, intra-class variability, and complex lesion textures. While deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have shown…

For a considerable time, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have reached human benchmark performance in object recognition. On that account, computational neuroscience and the field of machine learning have started to attribute…

With the availability of large databases and recent improvements in deep learning methodology, the performance of AI systems is reaching or even exceeding the human level on an increasing number of complex tasks. Impressive examples of this…

Lung disease is a common health problem in many parts of the world. It is a significant risk to people health and quality of life all across the globe since it is responsible for five of the top thirty leading causes of death. Among them…

Skin lesions are an increasingly significant medical concern, varying widely in severity from benign to cancerous. Accurate diagnosis is essential for ensuring timely and appropriate treatment. This study examines the implementation of deep…

Retinal disease is one of the primary causes of visual impairment, and early diagnosis is essential for preventing further deterioration. Nowadays, many works have explored Transformers for diagnosing diseases due to their strong visual…

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy has demonstrated a strong aptitude for identifying and differentiating biological tissues. However, the broadband and smooth nature of these signals require algorithmic processing, as they are often…

Pneumonia is a life-threatening disease, which occurs in the lungs caused by either bacterial or viral infection. It can be life-endangering if not acted upon in the right time and thus an early diagnosis of pneumonia is vital. The aim of…

As dermatological conditions become increasingly common and the availability of dermatologists remains limited, there is a growing need for intelligent tools to support both patients and clinicians in the timely and accurate diagnosis of…

Deep learning has transformed computer vision but relies heavily on large labeled datasets and computational resources. Transfer learning, particularly fine-tuning pretrained models, offers a practical alternative; however, models…

Deep learning models show promise in digital pathology, but their opaque decision-making processes limit trust and clinical adoption. To address this challenge, we present HIPPO, an explainable AI method for analyzing weakly-supervised…

The emergence of digital technologies such as smartphones in healthcare applications have demonstrated the possibility of developing rich, continuous, and objective measures of multiple sclerosis (MS) disability that can be administered…

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition whose rising prevalence places increasing demands on a lengthy diagnostic process. Machine learning (ML) has shown promise in automating ASD diagnosis, but most…

The ability to automatically learn task specific feature representations has led to a huge success of deep learning methods. When large training data is scarce, such as in medical imaging problems, transfer learning has been very effective.…

Leaf diseases are harmful conditions that affect the health, appearance and productivity of plants, leading to significant plant loss and negatively impacting farmers' livelihoods. These diseases cause visible symptoms such as lesions,…