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As the electrification process advances, enormous power flexibility is becoming available on the demand side, which can be harnessed to facilitate power system decarbonization. Hence, this paper studies the carbon-aware demand response…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Xin Chen

Cloud platforms are increasing their emphasis on sustainability and reducing their operational carbon footprint. A common approach for reducing carbon emissions is to exploit the temporal flexibility inherent to many cloud workloads by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Walid A. Hanafy , Qianlin Liang , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) continue to drive advancements in artificial intelligence, the design of hardware accelerators faces growing concerns over embodied carbon footprint due to complex fabrication processes. 3D integration…

Carbon matching aims to improve corporate carbon accounting by tracking emissions rather than energy consumption and production. We present a mathematical derivation of carbon matching using marginal emission rates, where the unit of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Nikky Avila , Hank He , Reza Rastegar , Jamie Tolan , Tobias Tiecke , Brian White

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable real-time function calling in edge AI systems but introduce significant computational overhead, leading to high power consumption and carbon emissions. Existing methods optimize for performance while…

The rapid adoption of Generative AI (GenAI) in the software development life cycle (SDLC) increases computational demand, which can raise the carbon footprint of development activities. At the same time, organizations are increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mateen A. Abbasi , Tommi J. Mikkonen , Petri J. Ihantola , Muhammad Waseem , Pekka Abrahamsson , Niko K. Mäkitalo

Due to increased computing use, data centers consume and emit a lot of energy and carbon. These contributions are expected to rise as big data analytics, digitization, and large AI models grow and become major components of daily working…

To reduce their environmental impact, cloud datacenters' are increasingly focused on optimizing applications' carbon-efficiency, or work done per mass of carbon emitted. To facilitate such optimizations, we present Carbon Containers, a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-27 John Thiede , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

The rapid expansion of cloud computing and data center infrastructure has led to significant energy consumption, posing environmental challenges due to the growing carbon footprint. This research explores energy-aware management strategies…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Rabab Khan Rongon , Krishna Das

Transformer models have revolutionized AI tasks, but their large size hinders real-world deployment on resource-constrained and latency-critical edge devices. While binarized Transformers offer a promising solution by significantly reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yuhao Ji , Chao Fang , Shaobo Ma , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Data centers are significant contributors to carbon emissions and can strain power systems due to their high electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact and to participate in demand response programs, cloud computing companies strive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Francesco Micheli , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Ana Radovanović , Florian Dörfler

The increasing demand for Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing poses significant environmental challenges, with both operational and embodied carbon emissions becoming major contributors. This paper presents a carbon-aware holistic…

Federated learning (FL) provides a promising collaborative framework to build a model from distributed clients, and this work investigates the carbon emission of the FL process. Cloud and edge servers hosting FL clients may exhibit diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Ali Abbasi , Fan Dong , Xin Wang , Henry Leung , Jiayu Zhou , Steve Drew

The rising energy footprint of artificial intelligence has become a measurable component of US data center emissions, yet cybersecurity research seldom considers its environmental cost. This study introduces an eco aware anomaly detection…

In particular, large-scale deep learning and artificial intelligence model training uses a lot of computational power and energy, so it poses serious sustainability issues. The fast rise in model complexity has resulted in exponential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yashasvi Makin , Rahul Maliakkal

The soaring energy demands of large-scale software ecosystems and cloud data centers, accelerated by the intensive training and deployment of large language models, have driven energy consumption and carbon footprint to unprecedented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jialin Yang , Zainab Saad , Jiajun Wu , Xiaoguang Niu , Henry Leung , Steve Drew

Over the past decade, climate change has become an increasing problem with one of the major contributing factors being carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; almost 51% of total US carbon emissions are from factories. Current materials used in CO2…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Neel Redkar

Environmental sustainability, particularly in relation to climate change, is a key concern for consumers, producers, and policymakers. The carbon footprint, based on greenhouse gas emissions, is a standard metric for quantifying the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mustafa Kaan Aslan , Reinout Heijungs , Filip Ilievski

The increasing importance of carbon capture technologies for deployment in remediating CO2 emissions, and thus the necessity to improve capture materials to allow scalability and efficiency, faces the challenge of materials development,…

This white paper, developed through close collaboration between IBM Research and UIUC researchers within the IIDAI Institute, envisions transforming hybrid cloud systems to meet the growing complexity of AI workloads through innovative,…