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Scalable quantum computation requires not only quantum codes with low memory overhead but also encoded operations with low space-time overhead. High rate quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes address the former by achieving a high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Guo Zheng , Liang Jiang , Qian Xu

This is a comprehensive review on fault-tolerant topological quantum computation with the surface codes. The basic concepts and useful tools underlying fault-tolerant quantum computation, such as universal quantum computation, stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-08 Keisuke Fujii

Quantum error correction is necessary for large-scale quantum computing. A promising quantum error correcting code is the surface code. For this code, fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) can be performed via lattice surgery, i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 Daniel Bochen Tan , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Craig Gidney

In this paper, we introduce the gauge-fixed QLDPC surgery scheme, an improved logical measurement scheme based on the construction of Cohen et al. (Sci. Adv. 8, eabn1717). Our scheme leverages expansion properties of the Tanner graph to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Andrew W. Cross , Zhiyang He , Patrick J. Rall , Theodore J. Yoder

The work proposes an extension of the quantum circuit formalism where qubits (wires) are circular instead of linear. The left-to-right interpretation of a quantum circuit is replaced by a circular representation which allows to select the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-12 Alexandru Paler

Exploring an efficient and scalable architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) is vital for demonstrating useful quantum computing. Here, we propose and evaluate a scalable and practical architecture with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Rui Asaoka , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuuki Tokunaga

Quantum error correction becomes a practical possibility only if the physical error rate is below a threshold value that depends on a particular quantum code, syndrome measurement circuit, and decoding algorithm. Here we present an…

Asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes (AQCs) may offer some advantage over their symmetric counterparts by providing better error-correction for the more frequent error types. The well-known CSS construction of $q$-ary AQCs is extended…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-12 Martianus Frederic Ezerman , Somphong Jitman , San Ling , Dmitrii V. Pasechnik

Facilitating the ability to achieve logical qubit error rates below physical qubit error rates, error correction is anticipated to play an important role in scaling quantum computers. While many algorithms require millions of physical…

This paper builds a novel bridge between algebraic coding theory and mathematical knot theory, with applications in both directions. We give methods to construct error-correcting codes starting from the colorings of a knot, describing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Altan B. Kilic , Anne Nijsten , Ruud Pellikaan , Alberto Ravagnani

Scalable and fault-tolerant quantum computation will require error correction. This will demand constant measurement of many-qubit observables, implemented using a vast number of CNOT gates. Indeed, practically all operations performed by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-16 Andreas Peter , Daniel Loss , James R. Wootton

Quantum computation must be performed in a fault-tolerant manner to be realizable in practice. Recent progress has uncovered quantum error-correcting codes with sparse connectivity requirements and constant qubit overhead. Existing schemes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for operating quantum computers in the presence of noise. Here, we accurately decode arbitrary Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes via the maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem. We show how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Mohammadreza Noormandipour , Tobias Haug

We present a full quantum error correcting procedure with the semion code: an off-shell extension of the double semion model. We construct open strings operators that recover the quantum memory from arbitrary errors and closed string…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-31 Guillaume Dauphinais , Laura Ortiz , Santiago Varona , Miguel Angel Martin-Delgado

The physical symmetries of a system play a central role in quantum error correction. In this work we encode a qubit in a collection of systems with angular-momentum symmetry (spins), extending the tools developed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 127,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Sivaprasad Omanakuttan , Jonathan A. Gross

As we are entering an early-FTQC era, circuit execution protocols with logical qubits and certain error-correcting codes are being discussed. Here, we propose a circuit execution protocol for the space-time efficient analog rotation (STAR)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Tomochika Kurita

The ongoing development of hardware that is capable of reliably executing general quantum algorithms requires quantum error-correcting codes that are both practical for realisation and rapidly reduce logical error rates as they are scaled…

Most quantum computing architectures can be realized as two-dimensional lattices of qubits that interact with each other. We take transmon qubits and transmission line resonators as promising candidates for qubits and couplers; we use them…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-03-14 Martin Wosnitzka , Fabio L. Pedrocchi , David P. DiVincenzo

The challenge of quantum computing is to combine error resilience with universal computation. Diagonal gates such as the transversal $T$ gate play an important role in implementing a universal set of quantum operations. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Jingzhen Hu , Qingzhong Liang , Robert Calderbank

Fault-tolerant quantum computers, with error correction implemented using topological codes, will most likely require lattice surgery protocols in order to implement a universal gate set. Timelike failures during lattice surgery protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-31 Prithviraj Prabhu , Christopher Chamberland