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Qubit shuttling has become an indispensable ingredient for scaling leading quantum computing platforms, including semiconductor spin, neutral-atom, and trapped-ion qubits, enabling both crosstalk reduction and tighter integration of control…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Zhu Sun , Zhenyu Cai

We demonstrate how to use lattice surgery to enact a universal set of fault-tolerant quantum operations with color codes. Along the way, we also improve existing surface-code lattice-surgery methods. Lattice-surgery methods use fewer qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-22 Andrew J. Landahl , Ciaran Ryan-Anderson

The traditional method for computation in either the surface code or in the Raussendorf model is the creation of holes or "defects" within the encoded lattice of qubits that are manipulated via topological braiding to enact logic gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-20 Daniel Herr , Franco Nori , Simon J. Devitt

Quantum error correction is needed for quantum computers to be capable of fault-tolerantly executing algorithms using hundreds of logical qubits. Recent experiments have demonstrated subthreshold error rates for state preservation of a…

Quantum error correction (QEC) plays a crucial role in correcting noise and paving the way for fault-tolerant quantum computing. This field has seen significant advancements, with new quantum error correction codes emerging regularly to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Avimita Chatterjee , Subrata Das , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum code surgery is a flexible and low overhead technique for performing logical measurements on quantum error-correcting codes, which generalises lattice surgery. In this work, we present a code surgery scheme, applicable to any qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Alexander Cowtan , Zhiyang He , Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

Lattice surgery protocols allow for the efficient implementation of universal gate sets with two-dimensional topological codes where qubits are constrained to interact with one another locally. In this work, we first introduce a decoder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-01 Christopher Chamberland , Earl T. Campbell

We systematically construct and classify fault-tolerant logical gates implemented by constant-depth circuits for quantum codes using cohomology operations and symmetry. These logical gates are obtained from unitary operators given by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Po-Shen Hsin , Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu

Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands significant resources: large numbers of physical qubits must be checked for errors repeatedly to protect quantum data as logic gates are implemented in the presence of noise. We demonstrate that an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Felix Thomsen , Markus S. Kesselring , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

Fault-tolerant logical operations for qubits encoded by CSS codes are discussed, with emphasis on methods that apply to codes of high rate, encoding k qubits per block with k>1. It is shown that the logical qubits within a given block can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Andrew M. Steane , Ben Ibinson

A scalable and programmable quantum computer holds the potential to solve computationally intensive tasks that classical computers cannot accomplish within a reasonable time frame, achieving quantum advantage. However, the vulnerability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Younghun Kim , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Quantum error-correcting codes with high encoding rate are good candidates for large-scale quantum computers as they use physical qubits more efficiently than codes of the same distance that encode only a few logical qubits. Some logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Theerapat Tansuwannont , Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

For planar architectures surface code-based quantum error correction is one of the most promising approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation. This is partially due to the variety of fault-tolerant logical protocols that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Áron Márton , Luis Colmenarez , Lukas Bödeker , Markus Müller

Future quantum computers will require quantum error correction for faithful operation. The correction capabilities come with an overhead for performing fault-tolerant logical operations on the encoded qubits. One of the most resource…

Topological error correction codes are promising candidates to protect quantum computations from the deteriorating effects of noise. While some codes provide high noise thresholds suitable for robust quantum memories, others allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-07 Hendrik Poulsen Nautrup , Nicolai Friis , Hans J. Briegel

Surface quantum error-correcting codes are the leading proposal for fault-tolerance within quantum computers. We present OpenSurgery, a scalable tool for the preparation of circuits protected by the surface code operated through lattice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-27 Alexandru Paler , Austin G. Fowler

Resource consumption of the conventional surface code is expensive, in part due to the need to separate the defects that create the logical qubit far apart on the physical qubit lattice. We propose that instantiating the deformation-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-25 Shota Nagayama , Takahiko Satoh , Rodney Van Meter

The gauge field formalism, or operator-valued cochain formalism, has recently emerged as a powerful framework for describing quantum Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes. In this work, we extend this framework to construct a broad class of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-20 Junichi Haruna

Quantum code surgery is a promising technique to perform fault-tolerant computation on quantum low-density parity-check codes. Recent developments have significantly reduced the space overhead of surgery. However, generic surgery operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Alexander Cowtan , Zhiyang He , Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

High-rate quantum LDPC (qLDPC) codes reduce memory overhead by densely packing many logical qubits into a single block of physical qubits. Here we extend this concept to high-rate computation by constructing \emph{batched} fault-tolerant…