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Bilevel optimization is a powerful tool for modeling hierarchical decision making processes. However, the resulting problems are challenging to solve - both in theory and practice. Fortunately, there have been significant algorithmic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Yasmine Beck , Ivana Ljubić , Martin Schmidt

This paper proposes a multi-step probabilistic forecasting framework using a single neural-network based model to generate simultaneous point and interval forecasts. Our approach ensures non-crossing prediction intervals (PIs) through a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Worachit Amnuaypongsa , Yotsapat Suparanonrat , Pana Wanitchollakit , Jitkomut Songsiri

A novel data-driven stochastic robust optimization (DDSRO) framework is proposed for optimization under uncertainty leveraging labeled multi-class uncertainty data. Uncertainty data in large datasets are often collected from various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Chao Ning , Fengqi You

Bilevel optimization is a field of significant theoretical and practical interest, yet solving such optimization problems remains challenging. Evolutionary methods have been employed to address these problems in the black-box setting;…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Marc Ong , Youhei Akimoto

Because the choice and tuning of the optimizer affects the speed, and ultimately the performance of deep learning, there is significant past and recent research in this area. Yet, perhaps surprisingly, there is no generally agreed-upon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Frank Schneider , Lukas Balles , Philipp Hennig

In recent years, a variety of gradient-based first-order methods have been developed to solve bi-level optimization problems for learning applications. However, theoretical guarantees of these existing approaches heavily rely on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Risheng Liu , Pan Mu , Xiaoming Yuan , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

Although application examples of multilevel optimization have already been discussed since the 1990s, the development of solution methods was almost limited to bilevel cases due to the difficulty of the problem. In recent years, in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Ryo Sato , Mirai Tanaka , Akiko Takeda

Due to the hierarchical structure of many machine learning problems, bilevel programming is becoming more and more important recently, however, the complicated correlation between the inner and outer problem makes it extremely challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Junyi Li , Bin Gu , Heng Huang

The Combined Algorithm Selection and Hyperparameter Optimization (CASH) problem is fundamental in Automated Machine Learning (AutoML). Inspired by the success of ensemble learning, recent AutoML systems construct post-hoc ensembles for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Beicheng Xu , Wei Liu , Keyao Ding , Yupeng Lu , Bin Cui

Motivated by emerging applications in machine learning, we consider an optimization problem in a general form where the gradient of the objective function is available through a biased stochastic oracle. We assume a bias-control parameter…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Yin Liu , Sam Davanloo Tajbakhsh

Federated bilevel optimization has received increasing attention in various emerging machine learning and communication applications. Recently, several Hessian-vector-based algorithms have been proposed to solve the federated bilevel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Minhui Huang , Dewei Zhang , Kaiyi Ji

In bilevel optimization problems, a leader and a follower make their decisions in a hierarchy, and both decisions may influence each other. Usually one assumes that both players have full knowledge also of the other player's data. In a more…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Dorothee Henke

In recent years, bilevel optimization (BLO) has attracted significant attention for its broad applications in machine learning. However, most existing works on BLO remain confined to the single-task setting and rely on the lower-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhiyao Zhang , Myeung Suk Oh , Zhen Qin , Jiaxiang Li , Xin Zhang , Jia Liu

We introduce a unified framework for the study of multilevel mixed integer linear optimization problems and multistage stochastic mixed integer linear optimization problems with recourse. The framework highlights the common mathematical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-20 Suresh Bolusani , Stefano Coniglio , Ted. K. Ralphs , Sahar Tahernejad

This paper investigates simple bilevel optimization problems where we minimize an upper-level objective over the optimal solution set of a convex lower-level objective. Existing methods for such problems either only guarantee asymptotic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Pengyu Chen , Xu Shi , Rujun Jiang , Jiulin Wang

Stochastic Bilevel Optimization has emerged as a fundamental framework for meta-learning and hyperparameter optimization. Despite the practical prevalence of single-loop algorithms--which update lower and upper variables concurrently--their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yubo Zhou , Luo Luo , Guang Dai , Haishan Ye

We present an efficient optimization framework that solves trajectory optimization problems by decoupling state variables from timing variables, thereby decomposing a challenging nonlinear programming (NLP) problem into two easier…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Weidong Sun , Gao Tang , Kris Hauser

Bilevel optimization problems, encountered in fields such as economics, engineering, and machine learning, pose significant computational challenges due to their hierarchical structure and constraints at both upper and lower levels.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-21 Mengwei Xu , Yu-Hong Dai , Xin-Wei Liu , Bo Wang

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has emerged as a promising approach for NP-hard problems. However, prevailing RL-based methods suffer from low sample efficiency due to sparse rewards and underused solutions. We propose Best-anchored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zijun Liao , Jinbiao Chen , Debing Wang , Zizhen Zhang , Jiahai Wang

Although upper bound guarantees for bilevel optimization have been widely studied, progress on lower bounds has been limited due to the complexity of the bilevel structure. In this work, we focus on the smooth nonconvex-strongly-convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Kaiyi Ji