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The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most often-used NP-Hard problems in computer science to study the effectiveness of computing models and hardware platforms. In this regard, it is also heavily used as a vehicle to study the…

Quantum optimization algorithms, such as the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm, are emerging as promising heuristics for solving complex combinatorial problems. To improve performance, several extensions to the standard QAOA…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading hybrid heuristic for combinatorial optimization, but efficiently handling hard constraints remains a significant challenge. XY-mixers successfully confine quantum state…

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a fundamental challenge in combinatorial optimization, widely applied in logistics and transportation. As the size of TSP instances grows, traditional algorithms often struggle to produce high-quality…

Encoding hard-constrained optimization problems into a variational quantum algorithm often turns out to be a challenging task. In this work, we provide a solution for the class of open-shop scheduling problems (OSSPs), which we achieve by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Lennart Binkowski , Gereon Koßmann , Christian Tutschku , René Schwonnek

This paper concerns quantum heuristics based on Mixer Hamiltonians that allow to restrict investigation on a specific subspace. Mixer Hamiltonian based approaches can be included in QAOA algorithm and we can state that Mixer Hamiltonians…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-26 Eric Bourreau , Gérard Fleury , Philippe Lacomme

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum algorithm that finds approximate solutions to problems in combinatorial optimization, especially those that can be formulated as a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Bikrant Bhattacharyya , Michael Capriotti , Reuben Tate

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard problem that plays a crucial role in combinatorial optimization. In this paper, we are interested in the quantum search framework for the TSP because it has robust theoretical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Bai Xujun , Shang Yun

Constructing an optimal mixer for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) Hamiltonian is crucial for enhancing the performance of QAOA in solving combinatorial optimization problems. We present a systematic methodology for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Boris Tsvelikhovskiy , Ilya Safro , Yuri Alexeev

This paper studies quantum optimization baselines for the Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP), a clustered routing problem that naturally models variant selection and sequencing problems under discrete alternatives. We propose a…

Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising variational quantum algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems. However, the implementation of QAOA is limited due to the requirement that the problems be mapped to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Hui-Min Li , Jin-Min Liang , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

We explore the application of variational quantum algorithms to the NP-hard set balancing problem, a critical challenge in clinical trial design and experimental scheduling. The problem is mapped to an Ising model, with tailored Quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Nikhil Kowshik , Sayan Manna , Sudebkumar Prasant Pal

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) is a promising gate-model meta-heuristic for combinatorial optimization. Applying the algorithm to problems with constraints presents an implementation challenge for near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-25 Zhihui Wang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Jason M. Dominy , Eleanor G. Rieffel

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising candidate for solving combinatorial optimization problems more efficiently than classical computers. Recent studies have shown that warm-starting the standard algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Vanessa Dehn , Thomas Wellens

We study the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) in the context of the Max-Cut problem. Near-term (noisy) quantum devices are only able to (accurately) execute QAOA at low circuit depths while QAOA requires a relatively high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 Reuben Tate , Majid Farhadi , Creston Herold , Greg Mohler , Swati Gupta

We present an approach, which we term quantum-enhanced optimization, to accelerate classical optimization algorithms by leveraging quantum sampling. Our method uses quantum-generated samples as warm starts to classical heuristics for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Ieva Čepaitė , Niam Vaishnav , Leo Zhou , Ashley Montanaro

We generalize the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) of Farhi et al. (2014) to allow for arbitrary separable initial states with corresponding mixers such that the starting state is the most excited state of the mixing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Reuben Tate , Jai Moondra , Bryan Gard , Greg Mohler , Swati Gupta

In the search for quantum advantage in real--world problems, one promising avenue is to use a quantum algorithm to improve on the solution found using an efficient classical algorithm. The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Yunlong Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Nic Shannon , Robert Joynt

There is an increasing interest in quantum algorithms for problems of integer programming and combinatorial optimization. Classical solvers for such problems employ relaxations, which replace binary variables with continuous ones, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Daniel J. Egger , Jakub Marecek , Stefan Woerner

We propose GM-QAOA, a variation of the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) that uses Grover-like selective phase shift mixing operators. GM-QAOA works on any NP optimization problem for which it is possible to efficiently prepare an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-02 Andreas Bärtschi , Stephan Eidenbenz
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