English
Related papers

Related papers: Spill The Beans: Exploiting CPU Cache Side-Channel…

200 papers

Cache randomization has recently been revived as a promising defense against conflict-based cache side-channel attacks. As two of the latest implementations, CEASER-S and ScatterCache both claim to thwart conflict-based cache side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Wei Song , Boya Li , Zihan Xue , Zhenzhen Li , Wenhao Wang , Peng Liu

Semantic caching has emerged as a pivotal technique for scaling LLM applications, widely adopted by major providers including AWS and Microsoft. By utilizing semantic embedding vectors as cache keys, this mechanism effectively minimizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zhixiang Zhang , Zesen Liu , Yuchong Xie , Quanfeng Huang , Dongdong She

Accelerators used for machine learning (ML) inference provide great performance benefits over CPUs. Securing confidential model in inference against off-chip side-channel attacks is critical in harnessing the performance advantage in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Sarbartha Banerjee , Shijia Wei , Prakash Ramrakhyani , Mohit Tiwari

Side-channel attacks on memory (SCAM) exploit unintended data leaks from memory subsystems to infer sensitive information, posing significant threats to system security. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in memory access patterns, cache…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-09 MD Mahady Hassan , Shanto Roy , Reza Rahaeimehr

Various studies among side-channel attacks have tried to extract information through leakages from electronic devices to reach the instruction flow of some appliances. However, previous methods highly depend on the resolution of traced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Pouya Narimani , Seyed Amin Habibi , Mohammad Ali Akhaee

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable a new ecosystem with many downstream applications, called LLM applications, with different natural language processing tasks. The functionality and performance of an LLM application highly depend on its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Bo Hui , Haolin Yuan , Neil Gong , Philippe Burlina , Yinzhi Cao

In the rapidly expanding landscape of Large Language Model (LLM) applications, real-time output streaming has become the dominant interaction paradigm. While this enhances user experience, recent research reveals that it exposes a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zheng Zhang , Guanlong Wu , Sen Deng , Shuai Wang , Yinqian Zhang

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) relies heavily on the huge amount of pre-training data learned in the pre-training phase. The opacity of the pre-training process and the training data causes the results of many benchmark tests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Shiwen Ni , Xiangtao Kong , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu , Ruifeng Xu , Jia Zhu , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on optimizations like Automatic Prefix Caching (APC) to accelerate inference. APC works by reusing previously computed states for the beginning part of a request (prefix), when another request starts with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Panagiotis Georgios Pennas , Konstantinos Papaioannou , Marco Guarnieri , Thaleia Dimitra Doudali

Network slicing in 5G and the future 6G networks will enable the creation of multiple virtualized networks on a shared physical infrastructure. This innovative approach enables the provision of tailored networks to accommodate specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Wei Shao , Chandra Thapa , Rayne Holland , Sarah Ali Siddiqui , Seyit Camtepe

We present a software approach to mitigate access-driven side-channel attacks that leverage last-level caches (LLCs) shared across cores to leak information between security domains (e.g., tenants in a cloud). Our approach dynamically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-18 Ziqiao Zhou , Michael K. Reiter , Yinqian Zhang

Cache side-channel attacks lead to severe security threats to the settings that a CPU is shared across users, e.g., in the cloud. The existing attacks rely on sensing the micro-architectural state changes made by victims, and this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Junpeng Wan , Yanxiang Bi , Zhe Zhou , Zhou Li

Spin Transfer Torque RAM (STTRAM) is a promising candidate for Last Level Cache (LLC) due to high endurance, high density and low leakage. One of the major disadvantages of STTRAM is high write latency and write current. Additionally, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-03-23 Nitin Rathi , Helia Naeimi , Swaroop Ghosh

This work presents a new tool to verify the correctness of cryptographic implementations with respect to cache attacks. Our methodology discovers vulnerabilities that are hard to find with other techniques, observed as exploitable leakage.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-07 Gorka Irazoqui , Kai Cong , Xiaofei Guo , Hareesh Khattri , Arun Kanuparthi , Thomas Eisenbarth , Berk Sunar

For a distributed last-level cache (LLC) in a large multicore chip, the access time to one LLC bank can significantly differ from that to another due to the difference in physical distance. In this paper, we successfully demonstrated a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Farabi Mahmud , Sungkeun Kim , Harpreet Singh Chawla , Chia-Che Tsai , Eun Jung Kim , Abdullah Muzahid

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular, transforming a wide range of applications across various domains. However, the real-world effectiveness of their query cache systems has not been thoroughly investigated. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiaxing Li , Chi Xu , Feng Wang , Isaac M von Riedemann , Cong Zhang , Jiangchuan Liu

This work quantifies the risk of training data leakage from LLMs (Large Language Models) using sequence-level probabilities. Computing extraction probabilities for individual sequences provides finer-grained information than has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Trishita Tiwari , G. Edward Suh

Large language models (LLMs) rely on deterministic pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) for autoregressive sampling, creating a critical supply-chain attack surface overlooked by existing defenses. We present SeedHijack, a backdoor attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ziyang You , Xiaoke Yang , Zhanling Fan , Feng Guo , Xiaogen Zhou , Xuxing Lu

AI assistants are becoming an integral part of society, used for asking advice or help in personal and confidential issues. In this paper, we unveil a novel side-channel that can be used to read encrypted responses from AI Assistants over…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Roy Weiss , Daniel Ayzenshteyn , Guy Amit , Yisroel Mirsky

The timing characteristics of cache, a high-speed storage between the fast CPU and the slowmemory, may reveal sensitive information of a program, thus allowing an adversary to conduct side-channel attacks. Existing methods for detecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Shengjian Guo , Meng Wu , Chao Wang