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Current evaluation frameworks and benchmarks for LLM powered agents focus on text chat driven agents, these frameworks do not expose the persona of user to the agent, thus operating in a user agnostic environment. Importantly, in customer…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Anupam Purwar , Aditya Choudhary

Multimodal Affective Computing (MAC) aims to recognize and interpret human emotions by integrating information from diverse modalities such as text, video, and audio. Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Miaosen Luo , Jiesen Long , Zequn Li , Yunying Yang , Yuncheng Jiang , Sijie Mai

The advancements in the domain of LLMs in recent years have surprised many, showcasing their remarkable capabilities and diverse applications. Their potential applications in various real-world scenarios have led to significant research on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Sujith Vemishetty , Advitiya Arora , Anupama Sharma

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), building upon the foundation of powerful large language models (LLMs), have recently demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating not only texts but also images given interleaved multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Bohao Li , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Guangzhi Wang , Rui Wang , Ruimao Zhang , Ying Shan

Reasoning is essential for large language models (LLMs), especially in complex tasks such as mathematical problem solving. However, multimodal reasoning still faces challenges in modality alignment and training scalability, as many existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yahan Yu , Yuyang Dong , Masafumi Oyamada

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are being quickly adapted to many domains, including healthcare, their strengths and pitfalls remain under-explored. In our study, we examine the effects of prompt engineering to guide Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Daniil Filienko , Yinzhou Wang , Caroline El Jazmi , Serena Xie , Trevor Cohen , Martine De Cock , Weichao Yuwen

Despite the significant advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generative models, users often face a trial-and-error challenge in practical scenarios. This challenge arises from the complexity and uncertainty of tedious steps such as crafting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Chengyou Jia , Changliang Xia , Zhuohang Dang , Weijia Wu , Hangwei Qian , Minnan Luo

Generative models have achieved impressive fidelity in text-to-image synthesis, yet struggle with complex compositional prompts involving multiple constraints. We introduce \textbf{M3 (Multi-Modal, Multi-Agent, Multi-Round)}, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Bangji Yang , Ruihan Guo , Jiajun Fan , Chaoran Cheng , Ge Liu

We address the task of advertisement image generation and introduce three evaluation metrics to assess Creativity, prompt Alignment, and Persuasiveness (CAP) in generated advertisement images. Despite recent advancements in Text-to-Image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Aysan Aghazadeh , Adriana Kovashka

Recent advancements in image generation have enabled the creation of high-quality images from text conditions. However, when facing multi-modal conditions, such as text combined with reference appearances, existing methods struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yucheng Han , Rui Wang , Chi Zhang , Juntao Hu , Pei Cheng , Bin Fu , Hanwang Zhang

Text-to-image generation models can create high-quality images from input prompts. However, they struggle to support the consistent generation of identity-preserving requirements for storytelling. Existing approaches to this problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Tao Liu , Kai Wang , Senmao Li , Joost van de Weijer , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Shiqi Yang , Yaxing Wang , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng

Following the initial excitement, Text-to-Image (TTI) models are now being examined more critically. While much of the discourse has focused on biases and stereotypes embedded in large-scale training datasets, the sociotechnical dynamics of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Maria-Teresa De Rosa Palmini , Eva Cetinic

Reward models (RMs) are essential for training large language models (LLMs), but remain underexplored for omni models that handle interleaved image and text sequences. We introduce Multimodal RewardBench 2 (MMRB2), the first comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yushi Hu , Reyhane Askari-Hemmat , Melissa Hall , Emily Dinan , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marjan Ghazvininejad

The increasing ubiquity of text-to-image (T2I) models as tools for visual content generation raises concerns about their ability to accurately represent diverse cultural contexts -- where missed cues can stereotype communities and undermine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shravan Nayak , Mehar Bhatia , Xiaofeng Zhang , Verena Rieser , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Yash Goyal , Karolina Stańczak , Aishwarya Agrawal

Recently, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have emerged as the preferred tools for judging text-image alignment, yet their robustness along the visual modality remains underexplored. This work is the first study to address a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yerin Hwang , Dongryeol Lee , Kyungmin Min , Taegwan Kang , Yong-il Kim , Kyomin Jung

Benefited from image-text contrastive learning, pre-trained vision-language models, e.g., CLIP, allow to direct leverage texts as images (TaI) for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). While CLIP is capable of making image features to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Chun-Mei Feng , Kai Yu , Xinxing Xu , Salman Khan , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Wangmeng Zuo , Yong Liu

Large language model (LLM) evaluations typically rely on aggregated metrics like accuracy or human preference, averaging across users and prompts. This averaging obscures user- and prompt-specific variations in model performance. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Evan Frick , Connor Chen , Joseph Tennyson , Tianle Li , Wei-Lin Chiang , Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Ion Stoica

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have enabled visually coherent image synthesis from descriptions, but generating images containing multiple given subjects remains challenging. As the number of reference identities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yucheng Zhou , Dubing Chen , Huan Zheng , Jianbing Shen

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have achieved impressive results, yet existing models still struggle with prompts that require rich world knowledge and implicit reasoning: both of which are critical for producing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Daoan Zhang , Che Jiang , Ruoshi Xu , Biaoxiang Chen , Zijian Jin , Yutian Lu , Jianguo Zhang , Liang Yong , Jiebo Luo , Shengda Luo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can process text presented as images, yet they often perform worse than when the same content is provided as textual tokens. We systematically diagnose this "modality gap" by evaluating seven MLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kaiser Sun , Xiaochuang Yuan , Hongjun Liu , Chen Zhao , Cheng Zhang , Mark Dredze , Fan Bai