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We analyze gradient descent with randomly weighted data points in a linear regression model, under a generic weighting distribution. This includes various forms of stochastic gradient descent, importance sampling, but also extends to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-12 Gabriel Clara , Yazan Mash'al

Deep convolutional neural networks are known to be unstable during training at high learning rate unless normalization techniques are employed. Normalizing weights or activations allows the use of higher learning rates, resulting in faster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Brendan Ruff , Taylor Beck , Joscha Bach

Regularization is crucial to the success of many practical deep learning models, in particular in a more often than not scenario where there are only a few to a moderate number of accessible training samples. In addition to weight decay,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Che-Wei Huang , Shrikanth S. Narayanan

Weight normalization (WeightNorm) is widely used in practice for the training of deep neural networks and modern deep learning libraries have built-in implementations of it. In this paper, we provide the first theoretical characterizations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Pedro Cisneros-Velarde , Zhijie Chen , Sanmi Koyejo , Arindam Banerjee

Analyzing neural network dynamics via stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is crucial to building theoretical foundations for deep learning. Previous work has analyzed structured inputs within the \textit{hidden manifold model}, often under…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-01 Jaeyong Bae , Hawoong Jeong

We propose stochastic, non-parametric activation functions that are fully learnable and individual to each neuron. Complexity and the risk of overfitting are controlled by placing a Gaussian process prior over these functions. The result is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-01 Sebastian Urban , Marcus Basalla , Patrick van der Smagt

A popular method to reduce the training time of deep neural networks is to normalize activations at each layer. Although various normalization schemes have been proposed, they all follow a common theme: normalize across spatial dimensions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Boyi Li , Felix Wu , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Serge Belongie

Traditionally, multi-layer neural networks use dot product between the output vector of previous layer and the incoming weight vector as the input to activation function. The result of dot product is unbounded, thus increases the risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-24 Chunjie Luo , Jianfeng Zhan , Lei Wang , Qiang Yang

The key distinguishing property of a Bayesian approach is marginalization, rather than using a single setting of weights. Bayesian marginalization can particularly improve the accuracy and calibration of modern deep neural networks, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Andrew Gordon Wilson , Pavel Izmailov

We rigorously analyse fully-trained neural networks of arbitrary depth in the Bayesian optimal setting in the so-called proportional scaling regime where the number of training samples and width of the input and all inner layers diverge…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Francesco Camilli , Daria Tieplova , Eleonora Bergamin , Jean Barbier

Accurate quantification of uncertainty in neural network predictions remains a central challenge for scientific applications involving high-dimensional, correlated data. While existing methods capture either aleatoric or epistemic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Harrison J. Goldwyn , Mitchell Krock , Johann Rudi , Daniel Getter , Julie Bessac

Regularization can mitigate the generalization gap between training and inference by introducing inductive bias. Existing works have already proposed various inductive biases from diverse perspectives. However, none of them explores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Qiang Fu , Lun Du , Haitao Mao , Xu Chen , Wei Fang , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a widely adopted technique that enables faster and more stable training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its pervasiveness, the exact reasons for BatchNorm's effectiveness are still poorly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-16 Shibani Santurkar , Dimitris Tsipras , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry

Deep neural networks generalize well despite being exceedingly overparameterized and being trained without explicit regularization. This curious phenomenon has inspired extensive research activity in establishing its statistical principles:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-16 Ke Wang , Christos Thrampoulidis

In many information processing systems, it may be desirable to ensure that any change of the input, whether by shifting or scaling, results in a corresponding change in the system response. While deep neural networks are gradually replacing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Sébastien Herbreteau , Emmanuel Moebel , Charles Kervrann

Normalizing flows have emerged as an important family of deep neural networks for modelling complex probability distributions. In this note, we revisit their coupling and autoregressive transformation layers as probabilistic graphical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Antoine Wehenkel , Gilles Louppe

In this work we investigate the reasons why Batch Normalization (BN) improves the generalization performance of deep networks. We argue that one major reason, distinguishing it from data-independent normalization methods, is randomness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Boris Flach

Using established principles from Statistics and Information Theory, we show that invariance to nuisance factors in a deep neural network is equivalent to information minimality of the learned representation, and that stacking layers and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Alessandro Achille , Stefano Soatto

Despite the impressive performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) on numerous vision tasks, they still exhibit yet-to-understand uncouth behaviours. One puzzling behaviour is the subtle sensitive reaction of DNNs to various noise attacks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Modar Alfadly , Adel Bibi , Bernard Ghanem

Despite the popularity and success of deep learning, there is limited understanding of when, how, and why neural networks generalize to unseen examples. Since learning can be seen as extracting information from data, we formally study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Hrayr Harutyunyan