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Even though large language models are becoming increasingly capable, it is still unreasonable to expect them to excel at tasks that are under-represented on the Internet. Leveraging LLMs for specialized applications, particularly in niche…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Brendan R. Hogan , Will Brown , Adel Boyarsky , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in natural language processing tasks, yet they encounter challenges in complex decision-making scenarios that require long-term reasoning and alignment with high-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Heng Dong , Kefei Duan , Chongjie Zhang

Monitoring forecasting systems is critical for customer satisfaction, profitability, and operational efficiency in large-scale retail businesses. We propose The Forecast Critic, a system that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Luke Bhan , Hanyu Zhang , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Michael W. Mahoney , Chuck Arvin

Large language models (LLMs) have become central to modern AI workflows, powering applications from open-ended text generation to complex agent-based reasoning. However, debugging these models remains a persistent challenge due to their…

Despite significant advancements in multimodal reasoning tasks, existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are prone to producing visually ungrounded responses when interpreting associated images. In contrast, when humans embark on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zexian Yang , Dian Li , Dayan Wu , Gang Liu , Weiping Wang

With powerful large language models (LLMs) demonstrating superhuman reasoning capabilities, a critical question arises: Do LLMs genuinely reason, or do they merely recall answers from their extensive, web-scraped training datasets? Publicly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Haowei Lin , Xiangyu Wang , Ruilin Yan , Baizhou Huang , Haotian Ye , Jianhua Zhu , Zihao Wang , James Zou , Jianzhu Ma , Yitao Liang

Predictive analysis is a cornerstone of modern decision-making, with applications in various domains. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in enabling nuanced, knowledge-intensive conversations, thus aiding in complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Xiaojun Ma , Yuyang Shi

Translating natural language mathematical statements into formal, executable code is a fundamental challenge in automated theorem proving. While prior work has focused on generation and compilation success, little attention has been paid to…

Numerous works are proposed to align large language models (LLMs) with human intents to better fulfill instructions, ensuring they are trustful and helpful. Nevertheless, some human instructions are often malicious or misleading and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Rui Wang , Hongru Wang , Fei Mi , Yi Chen , Boyang Xue , Kam-Fai Wong , Ruifeng Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are evolving from conversational systems into strong reasoners for tasks such as Olympiad mathematics and competitive programming. While scaling parameters and test-time computation has driven progress, a key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Xueliang Zhao , Wei Wu , Jian Guan , Zhuocheng Gong , Lingpeng Kong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated robust capabilities across various natural language tasks. However, producing outputs that are consistently honest and helpful remains an open challenge. To overcome this challenge, this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Duc Hieu Ho , Chenglin Fan

Large language models (LLMs) recently exhibited remarkable reasoning capabilities on solving math problems. To further improve their reasoning capabilities, this work explores whether LLMs can LEarn from MistAkes (LEMA), akin to the human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shengnan An , Zexiong Ma , Zeqi Lin , Nanning Zheng , Jian-Guang Lou , Weizhu Chen

Systematic reviews are crucial for synthesizing scientific evidence but remain labor-intensive, especially when extracting detailed methodological information. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating methodological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenqing Zhang , Trang Nguyen , Elizabeth A. Stuart , Yiqun T. Chen

LLMs demonstrate strong performance in auto-mated software engineering, particularly for code generation and issue resolution. While proprietary models like GPT-4o achieve high benchmarks scores on SWE-bench, their API dependence, cost, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yibo Wang , Zhihao Peng , Ying Wang , Zhao Wei , Hai Yu , Zhiliang Zhu

While large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in specific natural language processing (NLP) tasks, they may still lack proficiency compared to specialized models in certain domains, such as grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tao Fang , Derek F. Wong , Lusheng Zhang , Keyan Jin , Qiang Zhang , Tianjiao Li , Jinlong Hou , Lidia S. Chao

Large language models (LLMs) have witnessed rapid advancements, demonstrating remarkable capabilities. However, a notable vulnerability persists: LLMs often uncritically accept flawed or contradictory premises, leading to inefficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jinzhe Li , Gengxu Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Despite the great advance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in both instruction dataset building and benchmarking, the independence of training and evaluation makes current MLLMs hard to further improve their capability under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Zhiyuan Zhao , Linke Ouyang , Bin Wang , Siyuan Huang , Pan Zhang , Xiaoyi Dong , Jiaqi Wang , Conghui He

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, improving them solely through human supervision is becoming increasingly costly and limited in scalability. As models approach human-level capabilities in certain domains, human feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Haoyan Yang , Mario Xerri , Solha Park , Huajian Zhang , Yiyang Feng , Sai Akhil Kogilathota , Jiawei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various applications by generating outputs based on given prompts. However, achieving the desired output requires iterative prompt refinement. This paper presents a novel approach that draws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Rupesh Raj Karn