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An asymptotic theory is established for linear functionals of the predictive function given by kernel ridge regression, when the reproducing kernel Hilbert space is equivalent to a Sobolev space. The theory covers a wide variety of linear…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-25 Rui Tuo , Lu Zou

We consider multivariate splines and show that they have a random feature expansion as infinitely wide neural networks with one-hidden layer and a homogeneous activation function which is the power of the rectified linear unit. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Francis Bach

We demonstrate that a very deep ResNet with stacked modules with one neuron per hidden layer and ReLU activation functions can uniformly approximate any Lebesgue integrable function in $d$ dimensions, i.e. $\ell_1(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Because of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Hongzhou Lin , Stefanie Jegelka

We point out that (continuous or discontinuous) piecewise linear functions on a convex polytope mesh can be represented by two-hidden-layer ReLU neural networks in a weak sense. In addition, the numbers of neurons of the two hidden layers…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Pengzhan Jin

Lipschitz-constrained neural networks have many applications in machine learning. Since designing and training expressive Lipschitz-constrained networks is very challenging, there is a need for improved methods and a better theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Sebastian Neumayer , Alexis Goujon , Pakshal Bohra , Michael Unser

We consider approximations of general continuous functions on finite-dimensional cubes by general deep ReLU neural networks and study the approximation rates with respect to the modulus of continuity of the function and the total number of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Dmitry Yarotsky

In recent years, functional neural networks have been proposed and studied in order to approximate nonlinear continuous functionals defined on $L^p([-1, 1]^s)$ for integers $s\ge1$ and $1\le p<\infty$. However, their theoretical properties…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-11 Linhao Song , Jun Fan , Di-Rong Chen , Ding-Xuan Zhou

In this paper, we introduce a new theoretical framework built upon fractional Sobolev-type spaces involving Riemann-Liouville (RL) fractional integrals/derivatives, which is naturally arisen from exact representations of Chebyshev expansion…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-05-28 Wenjie Liu , Li-Lian Wang , Huiyuan Li

We study the following two related problems. The first is to determine to what error an arbitrary zonoid in $\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$ can be approximated in the Hausdorff distance by a sum of $n$ line segments. The second is to determine optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-25 Jonathan W. Siegel

In this article, we study approximation properties of the variation spaces corresponding to shallow neural networks with a variety of activation functions. We introduce two main tools for estimating the metric entropy, approximation rates,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

We prove deep neural network (DNN for short) expressivity rate bounds for solution sets of a model class of singularly perturbed, elliptic two-point boundary value problems, in Sobolev norms, on the bounded interval $(-1,1)$. We assume that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Joost A. A. Opschoor , Christoph Schwab , Christos Xenophontos

We investigate a Tikhonov regularization scheme specifically tailored for shallow neural networks within the context of solving a classic inverse problem: approximating an unknown function and its derivatives within a unit cubic domain…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Yuanyuan Li , Shuai Lu

We consider the optimization problem associated with fitting two-layer ReLU networks with $k$ hidden neurons, where labels are assumed to be generated by a (teacher) neural network. We leverage the rich symmetry exhibited by such models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Yossi Arjevani , Michael Field

Recent findings suggest that consecutive layers of neural networks with the ReLU activation function \emph{fold} the input space during the learning process. While many works hint at this phenomenon, an approach to quantify the folding was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Michal Lewandowski , Bernhard Heinzl , Raphael Pisoni , Bernhard A. Moser

In this paper, we prove the universal consistency of wide and deep ReLU neural network classifiers trained on the logistic loss. We also give sufficient conditions for a class of probability measures for which classifiers based on neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-01 Hyunouk Ko , Xiaoming Huo

We prove a characterization of the Sobolev spaces $H^\alpha$ on the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$, where the smoothness index $\alpha$ is any positive real number and $d\geq 2$. This characterization does not use differentiation and it is…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-09-05 J. A. Barceló , T. Luque , S. Pérez-Esteva

We proved direct and inverse theorems on B-spline quasi-interpolation sampling representation with a Littlewood-Paley-type norm equivalence in Sobolev spaces $W^r_p$ of mixed smoothness $r$, established estimates of the approximation error…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-11-29 Dinh Dũng

We study the representation capacity of deep hyperbolic neural networks (HNNs) with a ReLU activation function. We establish the first proof that HNNs can $\varepsilon$-isometrically embed any finite weighted tree into a hyperbolic space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Anastasis Kratsios , Ruiyang Hong , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde

By selecting different filter functions, spectral algorithms can generate various regularization methods to solve statistical inverse problems within the learning-from-samples framework. This paper combines distributed spectral algorithms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-18 Jiading Liu , Lei Shi

To confirm that the expressive power of ReLU neural networks grows with their depth, the function $F_n = \max \{0,x_1,\ldots,x_n\}$ has been considered in the literature. A conjecture by Hertrich, Basu, Di Summa, and Skutella [NeurIPS 2021]…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Gennadiy Averkov , Christopher Hojny , Maximilian Merkert