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Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Shwai He , Junwei Cui , Ang Li , Jiayi Huang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are a promising way to scale up model capacity without significantly increasing computational cost. A key component of MoEs is the router, which decides which subset of parameters (experts) process which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Tianlin Liu , Mathieu Blondel , Carlos Riquelme , Joan Puigcerver

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models improve efficiency through sparse activation, but their learned gating functions provide limited insight into routing decisions. This work introduces the Semantic Resonance Architecture (SRA), which routes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ivan Ternovtsii , Yurii Bilak

The transformer architecture has driven breakthroughs in recent years on tasks which require modeling pairwise relationships between sequential elements, as is the case in natural language understanding. However, long seqeuences pose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Heejun Lee , Jina Kim , Jeffrey Willette , Sung Ju Hwang

In this work, we upgrade the multi-head attention mechanism, the core of the Transformer model, to improve efficiency while maintaining or surpassing the previous accuracy level. We show that multi-head attention can be expressed in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Peng Jin , Bo Zhu , Li Yuan , Shuicheng Yan

Despite MoE models leading many benchmarks, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) for the MoE architectures remains difficult because its router layers are fragile. Methods such as DenseMixer and ESFT mitigate router collapse with dense mixing or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haoze He , Xingyuan Ding , Xuan Jiang , Xinkai Zou , Alex Cheng , Yibo Zhao , Juncheng Billy Li , Heather Miller

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced generative applications in natural language processing (NLP). Recent trends in model architectures revolve around efficient variants of transformers or state-space/gated-recurrent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Shikhar Tuli , James Seale Smith , Haris Jeelani , Chi-Heng Lin , Abhishek Patel , Vasili Ramanishka , Yen-Chang Hsu , Hongxia Jin

Linear-attention models that compress the entire input sequence into a fixed-size recurrent state offer an efficient alternative to Transformers, but their finite memory induces forgetfulness that harms retrieval-intensive tasks. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mutian He , Philip N. Garner

As large language models continue to scale up, distributed training systems have expanded beyond 10k nodes, intensifying the importance of fault tolerance. Checkpoint has emerged as the predominant fault tolerance strategy, with extensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Jiayi Huang

Recently, Mixture of Experts (MoE) based Transformer has shown promising results in many domains. This is largely due to the following advantages of this architecture: firstly, MoE based Transformer can increase model capacity without…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Zhao You , Shulin Feng , Dan Su , Dong Yu

A new line of research for feature selection based on neural networks has recently emerged. Despite its superiority to classical methods, it requires many training iterations to converge and detect informative features. The computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ghada Sokar , Zahra Atashgahi , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Neural networks equipped with self-attention have parallelizable computation, light-weight structure, and the ability to capture both long-range and local dependencies. Further, their expressive power and performance can be boosted by using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Tao Shen , Tianyi Zhou , Guodong Long , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

Sparsely-gated Mixture of Experts networks (MoEs) have demonstrated excellent scalability in Natural Language Processing. In Computer Vision, however, almost all performant networks are "dense", that is, every input is processed by every…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Carlos Riquelme , Joan Puigcerver , Basil Mustafa , Maxim Neumann , Rodolphe Jenatton , André Susano Pinto , Daniel Keysers , Neil Houlsby

Video diffusion transformers have achieved remarkable progress in high-quality video generation, but remain computationally expensive due to the quadratic complexity of attention over high-dimensional video sequences. Recent acceleration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wenhao Sun , Rong-Cheng Tu , Yifu Ding , Zhao Jin , Jingyi Liao , Shunyu Liu , Dacheng Tao

From clinical healthcare to daily living, continuous sensor monitoring across multiple modalities has shown great promise for real-world intelligent decision-making but also faces various challenges. In this work, we introduce MAESTRO, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Payal Mohapatra , Yueyuan Sui , Akash Pandey , Stephen Xia , Qi Zhu

Mixture of Block Attention (MoBA) (Lu et al., 2025) is a promising building block for efficiently processing long contexts in LLMs by enabling queries to sparsely attend to a small subset of key-value blocks, drastically reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Guangxuan Xiao , Junxian Guo , Kasra Mazaheri , Song Han

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) models are an emerging class of sparsely activated deep learning models that have sublinear compute costs with respect to their parameters. In contrast with dense models, the sparse architecture of MoE offers…

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models are well known for effectively scaling model capacity while preserving computational overheads. In this paper, we establish a rigorous relation between MoE and the self-attention mechanism, showing that each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-10 Pedram Akbarian , Huy Nguyen , Xing Han , Nhat Ho

Horseshoe mixtures-of-experts (HS-MoE) models provide a Bayesian framework for sparse expert selection in mixture-of-experts architectures. We combine the horseshoe prior's adaptive global-local shrinkage with input-dependent gating,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-15 Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a widely known neural architecture where an ensemble of specialized sub-models optimizes overall performance with a constant computational cost. However, conventional MoEs pose challenges at scale due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Ted Zadouri , Ahmet Üstün , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermiş , Acyr Locatelli , Sara Hooker
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