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Large Language Model (LLM) inference on large-scale systems is expected to dominate future cloud infrastructures. Efficient LLM inference in cloud environments with numerous AI accelerators is challenging, necessitating extensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ilias Bournias , Lukas Cavigelli , Georgios Zacharopoulos

Machine Learning (ML) is driving a revolution in the way scientists design, develop, and deploy data-intensive software. However, the adoption of ML presents new challenges for the computing infrastructure, particularly in terms of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Lucio Anderlini , Matteo Barbetti , Giulio Bianchini , Diego Ciangottini , Stefano Dal Pra , Diego Michelotto , Carmelo Pellegrino , Rosa Petrini , Alessandro Pascolini , Daniele Spiga

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming society, powering applications from smartphone assistants to autonomous driving. Yet cloud-based LLM services alone cannot serve a growing class of applications, including those operating under…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Liangqi Yuan , Wenzhi Fang , Shiqiang Wang , H. Vincent Poor , Christopher G. Brinton

With the fast growth of parameter size, it becomes increasingly challenging to deploy large generative models as they typically require large GPU memory consumption and massive computation. Unstructured model pruning has been a common…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Haojun Xia , Zhen Zheng , Yuchao Li , Donglin Zhuang , Zhongzhu Zhou , Xiafei Qiu , Yong Li , Wei Lin , Shuaiwen Leon Song

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various artificial intelligence tasks. However, their enormous sizes and computational demands pose significant challenges for the deployment on edge devices. To address…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kai Zhang , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs, characterized by their sparse activation patterns, offer a promising approach to scaling language models while avoiding proportionally increasing the inference cost. However, their large parameter sizes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yichao Yuan , Lin Ma , Nishil Talati

This paper introduces a distributed, GPU-centric experience replay system, GEAR, designed to perform scalable reinforcement learning (RL) with large sequence models (such as transformers). With such models, existing systems such as Reverb…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Hanjing Wang , Man-Kit Sit , Congjie He , Ying Wen , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang , Luo Mai

Inference on large-language models (LLMs) is constrained by GPU memory capacity. A sudden increase in the number of inference requests to a cloud-hosted LLM can deplete GPU memory, leading to contention between multiple prompts for limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Abhishek Vijaya Kumar , Gianni Antichi , Rachee Singh

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have become critical in scientific applications to help accelerate scientific discovery. Large language models (LLMs) are being considered as a promising approach to address some of the challenging…

On-device large language models (LLMs), referring to running LLMs on edge devices, have raised considerable interest since they are more cost-effective, latency-efficient, and privacy-preserving compared with the cloud paradigm.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Guanqiao Qu , Qiyuan Chen , Wei Wei , Zheng Lin , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

Most Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently deployed in the cloud, with users relying on internet connectivity for access. However, this paradigm faces challenges such as network latency, privacy concerns, and bandwidth limits. Thus,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hao Xu , Long Peng , Shezheng Song , Xiaodong Liu , Ma Jun , Shasha Li , Jie Yu , Xiaoguang Mao

The advent of large language models (LLMs) revolutionized natural language processing applications, and running LLMs on edge devices has become increasingly attractive for reasons including reduced latency, data localization, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jiajun Xu , Zhiyuan Li , Wei Chen , Qun Wang , Xin Gao , Qi Cai , Ziyuan Ling

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance and vast potential across diverse tasks. However, the deployment of LLMs with high performance in low-resource environments has garnered significant attention in the industry.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Pujiang He , Shan Zhou , Wenhuan Huang , Changqing Li , Duyi Wang , Bin Guo , Chen Meng , Sheng Gui , Weifei Yu , Yi Xie

The high memory and computation demand of large language models (LLMs) makes them challenging to be deployed on consumer devices due to limited GPU memory. Offloading can mitigate the memory constraint but often suffers from low GPU…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Yangyijian Liu , Jun Li , Wu-Jun Li

In recent times, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly larger model size, posing challenges for inference on low-resource devices. Prior approaches have explored offloading to facilitate low-memory…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuanlei Zhao , Bin Jia , Haotian Zhou , Ziming Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Yang You

Large language models represent a groundbreaking shift in generative AI. Yet, these advances come with a significant challenge: the high cost of model serving. To mitigate these costs, consumer-grade GPUs emerge as a more affordable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Lewei Jin , Yongqi Chen , Kui Zhang , Yifan Zhuo , Yi Gao , Bowei Yang , Zhengong Cai , Wei Dong

Device-edge co-inference, which partitions a deep neural network between a resource-constrained mobile device and an edge server, recently emerges as a promising paradigm to support intelligent mobile applications. To accelerate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Xinjie Zhang , Jiawei Shao , Yuyi Mao , Jun Zhang

Large language models~(LLMs) are known for their high demand on computing resources and memory due to their substantial model size, which leads to inefficient inference on moderate GPU systems. Techniques like quantization or pruning can…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

We study the performance of a cloud-based GPU-accelerated inference server to speed up event reconstruction in neutrino data batch jobs. Using detector data from the ProtoDUNE experiment and employing the standard DUNE grid job submission…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-10-31 Tejin Cai , Kenneth Herner , Tingjun Yang , Michael Wang , Maria Acosta Flechas , Philip Harris , Burt Holzman , Kevin Pedro , Nhan Tran