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One of the main research areas in Artificial Intelligence is the coding of agents (programs) which are able to learn by themselves in any situation. This means that agents must be useful for purposes other than those they were created for,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-04 Javier Insa-Cabrera , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

The maturation of cognition, from introspection to understanding others, has long been a hallmark of human development. This position paper posits that for AI systems to truly emulate or approach human-like interactions, especially within…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jasmine A. Berry

AI agents that combine large language models with non-AI system components are rapidly emerging in real-world applications, offering unprecedented automation and flexibility. However, this unprecedented flexibility introduces complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Juhee Kim , Xiaoyuan Liu , Zhun Wang , Shi Qiu , Bo Li , Wenbo Guo , Dawn Song

The recent surge in AI agents that autonomously communicate, collaborate with humans and use diverse tools has unlocked promising opportunities in various real-world settings. However, a vital aspect remains underexplored: how agents handle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Nabeel Seedat , Jiashuo Liu , Mihaela van der Schaar

Advancements in AI have led to agents in networked environments increasingly mirroring human behavior, thereby blurring the boundary between artificial and human actors in specific contexts. This shift brings about significant challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Qiang Zhang , Pei Yan , Yijia Xu , Chuanpo Fu , Yong Fang , Yang Liu

Over the past decade, policymakers have developed a set of regulatory tools to ensure AI development aligns with key societal goals. Many of these tools were initially developed in response to concerns with task-specific AI and therefore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jennifer Wang , Andrew Selbst , Solon Barocas , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

AI agents have been boosted by large language models. AI agents can function as intelligent assistants and complete tasks on behalf of their users with access to tools and the ability to execute commands in their environments. Through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yifeng He , Ethan Wang , Yuyang Rong , Zifei Cheng , Hao Chen

I am a person and so are you. Philosophically we sometimes grant personhood to non-human animals, and entities such as sovereign states or corporations can legally be considered persons. But when, if ever, should we ascribe personhood to AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Francis Rhys Ward

Current global AI governance frameworks struggle with fragmented disciplinary collaboration, ineffective multilateral coordination, and disconnects between policy design and grassroots implementation. This study, guided by Integration and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Huixin Zhong , Thao Do , Ynagliu Jie , Rostam J. Neuwirth , Hong Shen

This review critically distinguishes between AI Agents and Agentic AI, offering a structured, conceptual taxonomy, application mapping, and analysis of opportunities and challenges to clarify their divergent design philosophies and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Ranjan Sapkota , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

The development of privacy-enhancing technologies has made immense progress in reducing trade-offs between privacy and performance in data exchange and analysis. Similar tools for structured transparency could be useful for AI governance by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Emma Bluemke , Tantum Collins , Ben Garfinkel , Andrew Trask

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a surge of interest in agents, leading to the rapid growth of agent frameworks. Agent frameworks are software toolkits and libraries that provide standardized components, abstractions,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yanlin Wang , Xinyi Xu , Jiachi Chen , Tingting Bi , Wenchao Gu , Zibin Zheng

Agentic AI systems - capable of goal interpretation, world modeling, planning, tool use, long-horizon operation, and autonomous coordination - introduce distinct control failures not addressed by existing safety frameworks. We identify six…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Subramanyam Sahoo

Deployed, autonomous AI systems must often evaluate multiple plausible courses of action (extended sequences of behavior) in novel or under-specified contexts. Despite extensive training, these systems will inevitably encounter scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Steven J. Jones , Robert E. Wray , John E. Laird

Agents and agent systems are becoming more and more important in the development of a variety of fields such as ubiquitous computing, ambient intelligence, autonomous computing, intelligent systems and intelligent robotics. The need for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-02-23 Mark Burgin , Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic

Large Language Models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents for complex real-world tasks, yet existing systems often focus on isolated improvements without a unifying design for robustness and adaptability. We propose a generalist…

As interfaces evolve from static user pathways to dynamic human-AI collaboration, no standard methods exist for selecting appropriate interface patterns based on user needs and task complexity. Existing frameworks only provide guiding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Shruthi Andru , Shrut Kirti Saksena

AI alignment considers how we can encode AI systems in a way that is compatible with human values. The normative side of this problem asks what moral values or principles, if any, we should encode in AI. To this end, we present a framework…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Betty Li Hou , Brian Patrick Green

We argue that accountability mechanisms are needed in human-AI agent relationships to ensure alignment with user and societal interests. We propose a framework according to which AI agents' engagement is conditional on appropriate user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Benjamin Lange , Geoff Keeling , Arianna Manzini , Amanda McCroskery

As AI systems advance and integrate into society, well-designed and transparent evaluations are becoming essential tools in AI governance, informing decisions by providing evidence about system capabilities and risks. Yet there remains a…