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In this article, we are proposing a thorough analysis of the cross, and the in-plane thermal conductivity of thin-film materials based on the 3$\omega$ method. The analysis accommodates a 2D mathematical heat transfer model of a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-07-02 Daxi Zhang , Amir Behbahanian , Nicholas A. Roberts

The thermal conductivity of thin films is commonly estimated using the 3-omega experimental method. When calibrating the test setup, it is customary to use a specimen with a known thermal conductivity for validation. However, when…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Aigbe Awenlimobor , Jiajun Xu

Thin film YIG (Y$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$) is a prototypical material for experiments on thermally generated pure spin currents and the spin Seebeck effect. The 3-omega method is an established technique to measure the cross-plane thermal…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-09-09 C. Euler , P. Hołuj , T. Langner , A. Kehlberger , V. I. Vasyuchka , M. Kläui , G. Jakob

The reduction of the thermal conductivity in nanostructures opens up the possibility of exploiting for thermoelectric purposes also materials such as silicon, which are cheap, available and sustainable but with a high thermal conductivity…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-02-14 G. Pennelli , E. Dimaggio , M. Macucci

We have designed and developed a new experimental setup, based on the 3-omega method, to measure thermal conductivity, heat capacity and electrical resistivity of a variety of samples in a broad temperature range (2-550 K) and under…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-04-17 K. Shrestha , K. Gofryk

Short review on the different models for the electro-thermal 3-omega method. We present the deduction of the fundamental relation between the 3-omega voltage with the temperature rise to determine the thermal conductivity. The usage of the…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-11-05 Leandro N. Acquaroli

The 3$\omega$ method is a dynamic measurement technique developed for determining the thermal conductivity of thin films or semi-infinite bulk materials. A simplified model is often applied to deduce the thermal conductivity from the slope…

During the standard ac lock-in measurement of the resistance of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) applying an ac current $I = \sqrt{2} I_0 \sin(\omega t)$, the electron temperature $T_e$ oscillates with the angular frequency $2 \omega$…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Akira Endo , Shingo Katsumoto , Yasuhiro Iye

Thermal conductivity and interfacial thermal conductance play crucial roles in the design of engineering systems where temperature and thermal stress are of concerns. To date, a variety of measurement techniques are available for both bulk…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-12-09 Dongliang Zhao , Xin Qian , Xiaokun Gu , Saad Ayub Jajja , Ronggui Yang

We present a 3 omega method for simultaneously measuring the specific heat and thermal conductivity of a rod- or filament-like specimen using a way similar to a four-probe resistance measurement. The specimen in this method needs to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 L. Lu , W. Yi , D. L. Zhang

Anisotropic thermal transport plays a key role in both theoretical study and engineering practice of heat transfer, but accurately measuring anisotropic thermal conductivity remains a significant challenge. To address this issue, we propose…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-11-21 Guang Yang , Bing-yang Cao

The 3$\omega$ method is widely used to measure the thermal conductivity and the specific heat of wires and thin films. These measurements are typically performed under high vacuum conditions, which justify the use of heat transfer models…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Chuyue Peng , Joshua Ginzburg , Uri Dickman , Jacob Bair , Matthias Kuehne

The three-omega method, a powerful technique to measure the thermal conductivity of nanometer-thick films and the interfaces between them, has historically employed straight conductive wires to act as both heaters and thermometers. When…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-06-09 Gabriel R. Jaffe , Keenan J. Smith , Victor W. Brar , Max G. Lagally , Mark A. Eriksson

The thermal conductivities ($\kappa$) of bulk and thin-film $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$ are calculated from first principles using both the local density approximation (LDA), and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to exchange and…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-08-29 Bonny Dongre , Jesús Carrete , Natalio Mingo , Georg K H Madsen

Thermal conductivities $\Lambda $ of amorphous carbon thin films are measured in the temperatures range 80--400 K using the $3\omega $ method. Sample films range from soft a-C:H prepared by remote-plasma deposition ($\Lambda = 0.20$ W…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-10-31 Andrew J. Bullen , Keith E. O'Hara , David G. Cahill , Othon Monteiro , Achim von Keudell

Solid heterostructures composed of substrates and epitaxial films are extensively used in advanced technologies, and their thermophysical properties fundamentally determine the performance, efficiency, reliability, and lifetime of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-02-08 Guang Yang , Bing-Yang Cao

Organic thin film materials with molecular ordering are gaining attention as they exhibit semiconductor characteristics. When using them for electronics, the thermal management becomes important, where heat dissipation is directional owning…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-03-31 Shingi Yamaguchi , Takuma Shiga , Shun Ishioka , Tsuguyuki Saito , Takashi Kodama , Junichiro Shiomi

The lattice thermal conductivity ({\kappa}{\omega}) is a key property for many potential applications of compounds. Discovery of materials with very low or high {\kappa}{\omega} remains an experimental challenge due to high costs and…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-02-24 Jesús Carrete , Wu Li , Natalio Mingo , Shidong Wang , Stefano Curtarolo

In many situations, the dual-purpose heater/thermometer wires used in the three-omega method, one of the most precise and sensitive techniques for measuring the thermal conductivity of thin films and interfaces, must include bends and…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-11-03 Gabriel R. Jaffe , Victor W. Brar , Max G. Lagally , Mark A. Eriksson

Accurately measuring the thermal properties of buried interfaces is crucial for understanding heat transport in multilayered materials, particularly in applications such as batteries and integrated circuits. The conventional 3$\omega$…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Darshan Chalise , Brinthan Kanesalingam , Divya Chalise
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