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Infrared Small Target Detection (IRSTD) system aims to identify small targets in complex backgrounds. Due to the convolution operation in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), applying traditional CNNs to IRSTD presents challenges, since…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Yirui Chen , Yiming Zhu , Yuxin Jing , Tianpei Zhang , Jufeng Zhao

Recently, single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection technology has attracted widespread attention. Different from most existing deep learning-based methods that focus on improving network architectures, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jinmiao Zhao , Zelin Shi , Chuang Yu , Yunpeng Liu , Yimian Dai

As the volume of image data grows, data-oriented cloud computing in Internet of Video Things (IoVT) systems encounters latency issues. Task-oriented edge computing addresses this by shifting data analysis to the edge. However, limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jiaqi Wu , Simin Chen , Zehua Wang , Wei Chen , Zijian Tian , F. Richard Yu , Victor C. M. Leung

Infrared small target detection is a technique for finding small targets from infrared clutter background. Due to the dearth of high-level semantic information, small infrared target features are weakened in the deep layers of the CNN,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Haoqing Li , Jinfu Yang , Runshi Wang , Yifei Xu

Infrared small target detection is a challenging task due to its unique characteristics (e.g., small, dim, shapeless and changeable). Recently published CNN-based methods have achieved promising performance with heavy feature extraction and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yongxian Liu , Boyang Li , Ting Liu , Zaiping Lin , Wei An

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is crucial for surveillance and early-warning, with deployments spanning both single-frame analysis and video-mode tracking. A practical solution should leverage vision foundation models (VFMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qian Xu , Xi Li , Fei Gao , Jie Guo , Haojuan Yuan , Shuaipeng Fan , Mingjin Zhang

While large-scale visual foundation models (VFMs) exhibit strong generalization across diverse visual domains, their potential for single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Chuang Yu , Jinmiao Zhao , Yunpeng Liu , Yaokun Li , Xiujun Shu , Yuanhao Feng , Bo Wang , Yimian Dai , Xiangyu Yue

With the rapid development of information technology, modern warfare increasingly relies on intelligence, making small target detection critical in military applications. The growing demand for efficient, real-time detection has created…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Xiaoxiao Ma , Junxiong Tong

Infrared small target detection (ISTD) is challenging because tiny, low-contrast targets are easily obscured by complex and dynamic backgrounds. Conventional multi-frame approaches typically learn motion implicitly through deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Nian Liu , Jin Gao , Shubo Lin , Yutong Kou , Sikui Zhang , Fudong Ge , Zhiqiang Pu , Liang Li , Gang Wang , Yizheng Wang , Weiming Hu

Single-frame infrared small target detection is considered to be a challenging task, due to the extreme imbalance between target and background, bounding box regression is extremely sensitive to infrared small target, and target information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Bo Yang , Xinyu Zhang , Jian Zhang , Jun Luo , Mingliang Zhou , Yangjun Pi

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is critical for applications like remote sensing and surveillance, which aims to identify small, low-contrast targets against complex backgrounds. However, existing methods often struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Shuying Li , Qiang Ma , San Zhang , Chuang Yang

Resolving closely-spaced small targets in dense clusters presents a significant challenge in infrared imaging, as the overlapping signals hinder precise determination of their quantity, sub-pixel positions, and radiation intensities. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Shengdong Han , Shangdong Yang , Xin Zhang , Yuxuan Li , Xiang Li , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yimian Dai

We propose a target driven adaptive (TDA) loss to enhance the performance of infrared small target detection (IRSTD). Prior works have used loss functions, such as binary cross-entropy loss and IoU loss, to train segmentation models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuho Shoji , Takahiro Toizumi , Atsushi Ito

Small targets are particularly difficult to detect due to their low pixel count, complex backgrounds, and varying shooting angles, which make it hard for models to extract effective features. While some large-scale models offer high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Xuerui Zhang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) plays a crucial role in numerous military and civilian applications. However, existing methods often face the gradual degradation of target edge pixels as the number of network layers increases, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Shuying Li , Qiang Ma , San Zhang , Wuwei Wang , Chuang Yang

Infrared small target detection based on deep learning offers unique advantages in separating small targets from complex and dynamic backgrounds. However, the features of infrared small targets gradually weaken as the depth of convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Chun Bao , Jie Cao , Yaqian Ning , Tianhua Zhao , Zhijun Li , Zechen Wang , Li Zhang , Qun Hao

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) faces significant challenges due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), small target size, and complex cluttered backgrounds. Although recent DETR-based detectors benefit from global context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yuteng Liu , Duanni Meng , Maoxun Yuan , Xingxing Wei

Single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection aims to recognize small targets from clutter backgrounds. Recently, convolutional neural networks have achieved significant advantages in general object detection. With the development of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Yahao Lu , Yupei Lin , Han Wu , Xiaoyu Xian , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

Infrared small target detection in an infrared search and track (IRST) system is a challenging task. This situation becomes more complicated when high gray-intensity structural backgrounds appear in the field of view (FoV) of the infrared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Saed Moradi , Payman Moallem , Mohamad Farzan Sabahi

Infrared small target detection still faces two persistent challenges: training instability from non-monotonic scale loss functions, and inadequate spatial attention due to generic convolution kernels that ignore the physical imaging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hao Li , Man Fung Zhuo