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The human brain's computational prowess emerges not despite but because of its inherent "non-ideal factors"-noise, heterogeneity, structural irregularities, decentralized plasticity, systemic errors, and chaotic dynamics-challenging…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-13 Da-Zheng Feng , Hao-Xuan Du

Social institutions are systems of shared norms and rules that regulate people's behaviors, often emerging without external enforcement. They provide criteria to distinguish cooperation from defection and establish rules to sustain…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-15 Kenji Itao , Kunihiko Kaneko

We study opinion dynamics in a population of interacting adaptive agents voting on a set of complex multidimensional issues. We consider agents which can classify issues into for or against. The agents arrive at the opinions about each…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-03-11 Renato Vicente , Andre C. R. Martins , Nestor Caticha

We use a model of opinion formation to study the consequences of some mechanisms attempting to enforce the right behaviour in a society. We start from a model where the possible choices are not equivalent (such is the case when the agents…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-12-18 M. F. Laguna , G. Abramson , J. R. Iglesias

Reasoning models often exhibit overthinking, characterized by redundant reasoning steps. We identify \emph{internal bias} elicited by the input question as a key trigger of such behavior. Upon encountering a problem, the model immediately…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Renfei Dang , Zhening Li , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen

We present a novel approach allowing the study of rare events like fixation under fluctuating environments, modeled as extrinsic noise, in evolutionary processes characterized by the dominance of one species. Our treatment consists of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-12-16 Michael Assaf , Mauro Mobilia , Elijah Roberts

There is a broad recognition that commitment-based mechanisms can promote coordination and cooperative behaviours in both biological populations and self-organised multi-agent systems by making individuals' intentions explicit prior to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Ndidi Bianca Ogbo , Zhao Song , The Anh Han

Crowdsourcing is a mechanism by means of which groups of people are able to execute a task by sharing ideas, efforts and resources. Thanks to the online technologies, crowdsourcing has become in the last decade an even more utilized process…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-03-16 Daniele Vilone

As artificial agents become increasingly capable, what internal structure is *necessary* for an agent to act competently under uncertainty? Classical results show that optimal control can be *implemented* using belief states or world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Aran Nayebi

As the diversity of people in higher education grows, Universities are struggling to provide inclusive environments that nurture the spirit of free inquiry in the presence of these differences. At the extreme, the value of diversity is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-12-16 Kathryn V Johnston

Imitation is fundamental in the understanding of social system dynamics. But the diversity of imitation rules employed by modelers proves that the modeling of mimetic processes cannot avoid the traditional problem of endogenization of all…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 David Chavalarias

Successful collective action on issues from climate change to the maintenance of democracy depends on societal properties such as cultural tightness and social cohesion. How these properties evolve is not well understood because they emerge…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-03 Filippo Zimmaro , Jacopo Grilli , Mirta Galesic , Alexander J. Stewart

This paper introduces a unifying framework that links the Context-Content Uncertainty Principle (CCUP) with optimal transport (OT) via primal-dual inference. We propose that cognitive representations are not static encodings but active dual…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-19 Xin Li

Many mechanisms behind the evolution of cooperation, such as reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, and altruistic punishment, require group knowledge of individual actions. But what keeps people cooperating when no one is looking? Conformist…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-22 Victor Vikram Odouard , Diana Smirnova , Shimon Edelman

This paper proposes a careful separation between an entity's epistemic system and their decision system. Crucially, Bayesian counterfactuals are estimated by the epistemic system; not by the decision system. Based on this remark, I prove…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-08-11 Lê Nguyên Hoang

Epidemic models study the spread of an undesired agent through a population, be it infectious diseases through a country, misinformation in online social media, or pests infesting a region. In combating these epidemics, we rely neither on…

Learning a fair predictive model is crucial to mitigate biased decisions against minority groups in high-stakes applications. A common approach to learn such a model involves solving an optimization problem that maximizes the predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Abhin Shah , Maohao Shen , Jongha Jon Ryu , Subhro Das , Prasanna Sattigeri , Yuheng Bu , Gregory W. Wornell

We present an extensive study of the joint effects of heterogeneous social agents and their heterogeneous social links in a bounded confidence opinion dynamics model. The full phase diagram of the model is explored for two different…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-24 Rémi Perrier , Hendrik Schawe , Laura Hernández

This paper addresses two main challenges facing systems neuroscience today: understanding the nature and function of a) cortical feedback between sensory areas and b) correlated variability. Starting from the old idea of perception as…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-11-20 Ralf M. Haefner , Pietro Berkes , József Fiser

We study maximum entropy mechanisms of information exchange between agents modeled by neural networks and the macroscopic states of a society of such agents in a few situations. Mathematical quantification of surprise, distrust of other…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-08-17 Felippe Alves , Nestor Caticha