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The advancement of large language models (LLMs) prompts the development of multi-modal agents, which are used as a controller to call external tools, providing a feasible way to solve practical tasks. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zhi Gao , Bofei Zhang , Pengxiang Li , Xiaojian Ma , Tao Yuan , Yue Fan , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia , Song-Chun Zhu , Qing Li

Procedural activity assistants potentially support humans in a variety of settings, from our daily lives, e.g., cooking or assembling flat-pack furniture, to professional situations, e.g., manufacturing or biological experiments. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Kimihiro Hasegawa , Wiradee Imrattanatrai , Masaki Asada , Ken Fukuda , Teruko Mitamura

Customizing robotic behaviors to be aligned with diverse human preferences is an underexplored challenge in the field of embodied AI. In this paper, we present Promptable Behaviors, a novel framework that facilitates efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Minyoung Hwang , Luca Weihs , Chanwoo Park , Kimin Lee , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Kiana Ehsani

Tool learning with foundation models aims to endow AI systems with the ability to invoke external resources -- such as APIs, computational utilities, and specialized models -- to solve complex tasks beyond the reach of standalone language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Gabriele Mattioli , Evelyn Turri , Sara Sarto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Language agents have become a promising solution to complex interactive tasks. One of the key ingredients to the success of language agents is the reward model on the trajectory of the agentic workflow, which provides valuable guidance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Zongyu Lin , Yao Tang , Xingcheng Yao , Da Yin , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Kai-Wei Chang

Recent advances in multimodal agents have improved computer-use interaction and tool-usage, yet most existing systems remain reactive, optimizing actions in isolation without reasoning about future states or long-term goals. This limits…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yongyuan Liang , Shijie Zhou , Yu Gu , Hao Tan , Gang Wu , Franck Dernoncourt , Jihyung Kil , Ryan A. Rossi , Ruiyi Zhang

Vision language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed as controllers with access to external tools for complex reasoning and decision-making, yet their effectiveness remains limited by the scarcity of high-quality multimodal trajectories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Tajamul Ashraf , Umair Nawaz , Abdelrahman M. Shaker , Rao Anwer , Philip Torr , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

We present a framework for optimizing prompts in vision-language models to elicit multimodal reasoning without model retraining. Using an evolutionary algorithm to guide prompt updates downstream of visual tasks, our approach improves upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Sid Bharthulwar , John Rho , Katrina Brown

Behavioral skills or policies for autonomous agents are conventionally learned from reward functions, via reinforcement learning, or from demonstrations, via imitation learning. However, both modes of task specification have their…

Interactive reinforcement learning has shown promise in learning complex robotic tasks. However, the process can be human-intensive due to the requirement of a large amount of interactive feedback. This paper presents a new method that uses…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shukai Liu , Chenming Wu , Ying Li , Liangjun Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, instruction tuning has become critical for improving their ability to generate accurate and contextually appropriate responses. Although numerous instruction-tuning datasets have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jielin Song , Siyu Liu , Bin Zhu , Yanghui Rao

Multi-turn human-AI collaboration is fundamental to deploying interactive services such as adaptive tutoring, conversational recommendation, and professional consultation. However, optimizing these interactions via reinforcement learning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Haoyu Wang , Yuxin Chen , Liang Luo , Buyun Zhang , Ellie Dingqiao Wen , Pan Li

Tool learning aims to enhance and expand large language models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools, which has gained significant attention recently. Current methods have shown that LLMs can effectively handle a certain amount of tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Heming Xia , Wenjie Li

Large language model agents have exhibited exceptional performance across a range of complex interactive tasks. Recent approaches have utilized tuning with expert trajectories to enhance agent performance, yet they primarily concentrate on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Weimin Xiong , Yifan Song , Xiutian Zhao , Wenhao Wu , Xun Wang , Ke Wang , Cheng Li , Wei Peng , Sujian Li

We introduce MOON, our comprehensive set of sustainable iterative practices for multimodal representation learning for e-commerce applications. MOON has already been fully deployed across all stages of Taobao search advertising system,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Chenghan Fu , Daoze Zhang , Yukang Lin , Zhanheng Nie , Xiang Zhang , Jianyu Liu , Yueran Liu , Wanxian Guan , Pengjie Wang , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Multimodal pretraining is an effective strategy for the trinity of goals of representation learning in autonomous robots: 1) extracting both local and global task progressions; 2) enforcing temporal consistency of visual representation; 3)…

When humans face problems beyond their immediate capabilities, they rely on tools, providing a promising paradigm for improving visual reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Effective reasoning, therefore, hinges on knowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mingyang Song , Haoyu Sun , Jiawei Gu , Linjie Li , Luxin Xu , Ranjay Krishna , Yu Cheng

The development of autonomous tool-use agents for complex, long-horizon tasks in collaboration with human users has become the frontier of agentic research. During multi-turn Human-AI interactions, the dynamic and uncertain nature of user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Prince Zizhuang Wang , Shuli Jiang

Strategic coordination between autonomous agents and human partners under incomplete information can be modeled as turn-based cooperative games. We extend a turn-based game under incomplete information, the shared-control game, to allow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shenghui Chen , Ruihan Zhao , Sandeep Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu

Multi-tool-integrated reasoning enables LLM-empowered tool-use agents to solve complex tasks by interleaving natural-language reasoning with calls to external tools. However, training such agents from outcome-only rewards suffers from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Feijie Wu , Weiwu Zhu , Yuxiang Zhang , Soumya Chatterjee , Jiarong Zhu , Fan Mo , Rong Luo , Jing Gao
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