Related papers: On persistent energy currents at equilibrium in no…
The standard deviations of the energy and Poynting power densities for an isotropic random field near a perfectly conducting planar boundary are characterized, based on quartic plane-wave expansions. For normal and transverse components,…
Nonequilibrium conditions fundamentally change how systems undergo phase separation. In systems with temperature gradients, attractive particles have been shown to form periodic patterns and steady convective currents, but a clear…
Starting from the Maxwell-Lorentz equations, Poynting's theorem is reconsidered. The energy flux vector is introduced as S_e=(E x B)/mu_0 instead of E x H, because only by this choice the energy dissipation can be related to the balance of…
In equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) expresses the response of an observable to a small perturbation by a correlation function of this variable with another one that is conjugate to the perturbation with respect to…
We introduce a finite-time detailed fluctuation theorem for the environmental entropy of the form $\tilde P(\Delta S_{env}) = e^{\Delta S_{env}} \tilde P(-\Delta S_{env})$ for an appropriately weighted probability density of the external…
It has recently been pointed out that Hamiltonian particle systems in constant magnetic fields satisfy generalized time-reversal symmetries that enable to prove useful statistical relationships based on equilibrium phase-space probability…
In a recent thermodynamic analysis of the harmonic oscillator and using an interpolation procedure, Boyer has shown that the existence of a zero-point energy leads to the Planck spectrum. Here we avoid the interpolation by adding a…
We investigate thermodynamics of general nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times. We propose a systematic strategy for constructing fluctuation-theorem-like martingales for each thermodynamic functional, yielding a family of…
Nonequilibrium systems exchange the energy with an environment in the form of work and heat. The work done on a system obeys the fluctuation theorem, while the dissipated heat which differs from the work by the internal energy change does…
We consider heat transport across a harmonic chain of charged particles, with transverse degrees of freedom, in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. For an open chain connected to heat baths at the two ends we obtain the nonequilibrium…
As a fundamental measure of stability in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, fluctuations provide critical insight into the performance and reliability of heat engines. In this work, we establish universal fluctuation-dissipation bounds that…
The dynamics of a probe brane in a given gravitational background is governed by the Dirac-Born-Infeld action. The corresponding open string metric arises naturally in studying the fluctuations on the probe. In Gauge-String duality, it is…
Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that observed in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those systems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be large.…
The usual heat equation is not suitable to preserve the topology of divergence-free vector fields, because it destroys their integral line structure. On the contrary, in the fluid mechanics literature, on can find examples of…
An equilibrium system which is perturbed by an external potential relaxes to a new equilibrium state, a process obeying the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. In contrast, perturbing by nonconservative forces yields a nonequilibrium steady…
In this paper, we derive a generalized second fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for stochastic dynamical systems in the steady state. The established theory is built upon the Mori-type generalized Langevin equation for stochastic…
We discuss the non-zero frequency noise of heat current with the explicit example of energy carried by thermal photons in a circuit. Instead of the standard circuit modelling that gives a convenient way of predicting time-averaged heat…
Relative permeability is commonly used to model immiscible fluid flow through porous materials. In this work we derive the relative permeability relationship from conservation of energy, assuming that the system to be non-ergodic at large…
We consider a generic four-stroke quantum Otto engine consisting of two unitary and two thermalization strokes with an arbitrary many-body working medium. Using the Schwinger-Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, we provide an…
Fluctuation theorems impose constraints on the probability of observing negative entropy production in small systems driven out of equilibrium. The range of validity of fluctuation theorems has been extensively tested for transitions…